Table 2.

Diagnostic performance of urine cytology by patient subgroup

Risk factor	Subgroup	Method	Sensitivity			Specificity			P-value
			Estimate (%)	LCI	UCI	Estimate (%)	LCI	UCI
Overall	None	GLMM	62	58	66	41	38	44	0.13
		GEE	59	56	63	43	40	45	0.23
Age	40	GLMM	50	42	58	53	46	60	<0.001
	50		55	49	60	48	44	53
	60		59	54	63	44	41	47
	70		63	59	67	40	37	43
	80		67	62	71	36	32	40
	40	GEE	50	43	57	52	46	58	0.006
	50		53	48	59	49	45	53
	60		57	53	61	45	42	48
	70		60	57	64	42	39	44
	80		64	60	68	38	35	42
Smoking	Never	GLMM	56	51	62	47	42	52	0.003
	Former		66	62	71	37	33	41
	Current		59	50	68	44	35	53
	Never	GEE	55	50	60	47	43	51	0.005
	Former		63	59	67	39	36	43
	Current		57	49	65	45	38	52
Gender	Female	GLMM	51	45	57	53	48	58	<0.001
	Male		67	63	71	36	32	39
	Female	GEE	50	45	55	52	48	56	<0.001
	Male		64	60	67	38	35	41
Race	White	GLMM	63	59	67	40	37	44	0.34
	Black		61	53	68	43	36	50
	Other		51	34	68	52	36	68
	White	GEE	60	56	64	42	39	45	0.25
	Black		58	51	65	44	38	50
	Other		49	35	63	53	39	67
Indication	Hematuria	GLMM	63	58	69	40	35	45	0.047
	Cancer		63	59	68	40	36	44
	Other		53	44	62	51	43	59
	Hematuria	GEE	61	56	65	42	38	46	0.059
	Cancer		60	56	64	42	39	45
	Other		52	45	59	51	44	57