Table 2.
Nested case control analysis: characteristics of patients with cleared versus persistent bacteremia
| Cleared bacteremia (n = 118) | Persistent bacteremia (n = 118) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male n (%) | 70 (59.8) | 80 (67.8) | 0.18 |
| Age(y) median (IQR) | 66.5 (54–77) | 68 (52–80) | 0.61 |
| Comorbidities n (%) | |||
| Cardiac | 41 (34.7) | 45 (38.1) | 0.59 |
| Respiratory | 10 (8.5) | 6 (5.1) | 0.30 |
| Liver | 7 (5.9) | 3 (2.5) | 0.22 |
| Diabetes | 24 (20.3) | 34 (28.8) | 0.13 |
| Dialysis | 8 (6.8) | 13 (11.0) | 0.25 |
| Solid tumor | 33 (28.0) | 24 (20.3) | 0.17 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 14 (11.9) | 7 (5.9) | 0.11 |
| Burn | 6 (5.1) | 6 (5.1) | 1.0 |
| Polytrauma | 13 (11.0) | 11 (9.3) | 0.67 |
| HIV | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1.0 |
| Neutropenia | 15 (12.7) | 8 (6.8) | 0.12 |
| Length of stay(d) median(IQR) | 24 (13–52) | 25 (12–41) | 0.44 |
| Admitting service n(%) | |||
| Medical | 43 (36.4) | 65 (55.1) | 0.004 |
| Surgical | 51 (43.2) | 39 (33.1) | 0.11 |
| Heme-Onc | 24 (20.3) | 14 (11.9) | 0.71 |
| ICU within 72 h of bacteremia n(%) | 44 (37.3) | 39 (33.1) | 0.54 |
| Hospital-acquired n (%) | 58 (49.2) | 55 (46.6) | 0.70 |
| Polymicrobial n(%) | 21 (17.8) | 9 (7.6) | 0.019 |
| Organism n(%) | |||
| Total Gram-positive bacteria | 77 (65.3) | 90 (76.3) | 0.044 |
| S. aureus | 26 (22.0) | 53 (44.9) | <0.001 |
| Skin commensals | 10 (8.5) | 16 (13.6) | 0.29 |
| Enterococcus spp. | 23 (19.5) | 20 (16.9) | 0.50 |
| S. pneumoniae | 5 (4.2) | 0 | 0.03 |
| Viridans group streptococci | 11 (9.3) | 2 (1.7) | 0.011 |
| β-hemolytic streptococci | 5 (4.2) | 0 | 0.03 |
| S. anginosus group | 3 (2.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0.31 |
| Other Gram-positive bacteria | 6 (5.1) | 1 (0.9) | 0.062 |
| Total Gram-negative bacteria | 44 (37.3) | 27 (22.9) | 0.016 |
| E. coli | 16 (13.6) | 6 (5.1) | 0.048 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 8 (6.8) | 10 (8.5) | 0.62 |
| Pseudomonas spp. | 6 (5.1) | 5 (4.2) | 0.76 |
| AmpC-producing bacteria | 12 (10.2) | 6 (5.1) | 0.14 |
| Other Gram-negative bacteria | 6 (5.1) | 4 (3.4) | 0.54 |
| Anaerobic bacteria | 5 (4.2) | 2 (1.7) | 0.28 |
| 7-day mortality n(%) | 5 (4.2) | 13 (11.0) | 0.05 |
| 30-day mortality n(%) | 13 (11.0) | 29 (24.6) | 0.006 |
NOTE: P values were calculated using the Chi square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. P value threshold for significance was <0.05 (statistically significant values are bolded). IQR interquartile range, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ICU intensive care unit, Heme-Onc hematology-oncology in-patient ward. Skin commensals include coagulase-negative staphylococci, Bacillus spp., Diphtheroids. AmpC-producers include Serratia marcescens, Providencia stuartii, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Morganella morganii