Table 4.
Nested case control analysis: antibiotic and source control issues for patients with repeat cultures
| Cleared bacteremia (n = 118) | Persistent bacteremia (n = 118) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Appropriate antibiotics n (%) | |||
| Empiric | 67 (57.8) | 72 (61.0) | 0.51 |
| Guided by index culture | 51 (43.2) | 40 (33.9) | 0.14 |
| Guided by repeat culture | 0 | 3 (2.5) | 0.123 |
| Source control required n (%) | 61 (51.7) | 74 (62.7) | 0.087 |
| Endovascular | 32 (27.1) | 41 (34.7) | 0.21 |
| Line removal | 28 (23.7) | 35 (29.7) | - |
| PPM/ICD explantation | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | - |
| Valve surgery | 3 (2.5) | 6 (5.1) | - |
| Aortic graft replacement | 0 | 1 (0.9) | - |
| Spine and Joint | 3 (2.5) | 10 (8.5) | 0.051 |
| Epidural abscess/spinal | 2 (1.7) | 5 (4.2) | - |
| Peripheral joint | 1 (0.9) | 5 (4.2) | - |
| Thoraco-abdominal | 18 (15.3) | 13 (11.0) | 0.34 |
| Pericardiocentesis | 0 | 1 (0.9) | - |
| Empyema | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) | - |
| Intra-abdominal abscess | 3 (2.5) | 1 (0.9) | - |
| Liver abscess | 2 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | - |
| Cholangitis | 4 (3.4) | 2 (1.7) | - |
| Peritonitis | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.7) | - |
| Nephrostomy tube | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.7) | - |
| Foley removal | 4 (3.4) | 2 (1.7) | - |
| ICP monitor removal | 1 (0.9) | 0 | - |
| SSTI | 8 (6.8) | 10 (8.5) | 0.62 |
| Debridement/abscess drainage | 8 (6.8) | 8 (6.8) | - |
| Amputation | 0 | 2 (1.7) | - |
| Source control done in 48 h n (%) | 32/61 (52.5) | 22/74 (29.7) | <0.001 |
| Endovascular | 16/32 (50.0) | 16/41 (39.0) | 0.35 |
| Spine and joint | 2/3 (66.7) | 0/10 | 0.038 |
| Thoraco-abdominal | 11/18 (61.1) | 6/13 (46.2) | 0.046 |
| SSTI | 3/8 (37.5) | 0/10 | 0.069 |
NOTE: P values were calculated using the Chi square or Fisher’s exact test. P value threshold for significance was <0.05 (statistically significant values are bolded). PPM permanent pacemaker, ICD implanted cardiac defibrillator, ICP intracranial pressure, SSTI skin and soft tissue infection