Table 3. Change in diastolic blood pressure as a result of exposure to the music of Mozart, Strauss, or ABBA, compared with controls.

Diastolic blood pressure calculations
	Mozart	Strauss	ABBA	Silence
Baseline (mean) value	77.5 mm Hg (± 8.9 mm Hg)
Difference after versus before exposure to music (mm Hg)	–2.1 (± 6.5)	–2.9 (± 7.8)	–0.1 (± 7.3)	–2.6 (± 7.7)
95% confidence interval for mean	[–3.8; –0.4]	[–4.9; –0.9]	[–2.0; 1.8]	[–4.5; –0.6]
p-value for comparison after versus before exposure to music	0.004*2	0.004*2	0.888*1	0.013*1
p-value for comparison music versus silence	0.982*3	0.864*3	0.080*1	–

^*1t test; ^*2Wilcoxon signed rank test; ^*3Mann–Whitney U test