Table 4.
Changes in neuromuscular activation: Grand means of H-reflex and M-wave amplitudes as well as co-contraction indices (CCI) for the antagonistic muscle groups encompassing the hip joint (GM_RF), knee joint (VM_BF), and ankle joint (SOL_TA) during pre-activation (PRE) and the entire reflex phase (RP, 30–120ms post perturbation).
| Parameter | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | rmANOVA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H-reflex SOL [%] |
FAT* CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
0.97 ± 0.22 1.03 ± 0.18 |
0.92 ± 0.17 1.00 ± 0.24 |
0.86 ± 0.18 0.99 ± 0.22 |
P = 0.009 F = 6.40 | |
| M-wave SOL [%] | FAT CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
1.03 ± 0.20 1.01 ± 0.19 |
0.94 ± 0.30 0.99 ± 0.24 |
0.99 ± 0.24 1.01 ± 0.28 |
P = 0.98 F = 0.06 | |
| CCI GM_RF | PRE |
FAT* CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
1.07 ± 0.25 0.99 ± 0.16 |
1.11 ± 0.62 0.96 ± 0.08 |
1.11 ± 0.38 0.99 ± 0.12 |
P = 0.69 F = 0.49 |
| RP |
FAT* CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
1.08 ± 0.21 1.02 ± 0.11 |
1.30 ± 0.37 0.97 ± 0.08 |
1.76 ± 0.65 1.00 ± 0.11 |
P<0.001 F = 11.92 | |
| CCI VM_BF | PRE | FAT CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
1.01 ± 0.20 1.04 ± 0.09 |
1.15 ± 0.31 1.02 ± 0.09 |
1.15 ± 0.36 1.02 ± 0.17 |
P = 0.82 F = 0.30 |
| RP |
FAT* CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
1.03 ± 0.13 1.05 ± 0.10 |
1.16 ± 0.14 1.04 ± 0.09 |
1.40 ± 0.33 1.04 ± 0.10 |
P = 0.001 F = 9.72 | |
| CCI SOL_TA | PRE | FAT CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
1.12 ± 0.34 1.04 ± 0.51 |
1.17 ± 0.48 0.94 ± 0.53 |
1.15 ± 0.21 0.91 ± 0.39 |
P = 0.78 F = 0.36 |
| RP |
FAT* CON |
1.00 ± 0 1.00 ± 0 |
1.28 ± 0.19 1.00 ± 0.27 |
1.41 ± 0.24 0.91 ± 0.16 |
1.64 ± 0.43 1.02 ± 0.25 |
P = 0.003 F = 5.87 |
Data are displayed for the fatigue (FAT) and control protocol (CON) for the periods T1–T4 (first, second, third, and fourth quarter of the data set including all trial and subjects). Data are normalized to baseline values.
Bold P-and F-values denote significant rmANOVA time x protocol interaction effects, bold letters indicate a significant time effect and are marked with a *.