Table III.
Relationship of the CEA and ET-1 levels with lung cancer staging (x̅ ± s).
| EBC | Serum | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | N | CEA (mg/l) | ET-1 (ng/l) | CEA (mg/l) | ET-1 (ng/l) |
| Stage I/IIa | 44 | 1.53±1.18 | 15.29±8.22 | 8.48±5.29 | 53.73±21.10 |
| Stage III/IV | 99 | 3.59±1.22 | 21.63±6.12 | 17.20±6.72 | 67.55±18.09 |
| t-test | 9.410 | 5.125 | 7.623 | 4.000 | |
| P-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |
a
The cancer stages (I–IV) were assigned according to the seventh version of the lung cancer tumour-node-metastasis staging standard provided by the Union for International Cancer Control in 2009 (11). CEA, cancer embryo antigen; ET-1, endothelin-1; EBC, exhaled breath condensate.