Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Jun 13;13:147. doi: 10.1186/s12974-016-0610-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Effect of CTB on cytokine expression in the ischemic brain after MCAO. a The level of IL-1β in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group was not significantly different from that of the sham group. CTB dose-dependently downregulated the levels of IL-1β in the ischemic brain at 24 h after ischemia. b The level of TNF-α in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group was not significantly different from that of the sham group. CTB dose-dependently downregulated the levels of TNF-α in the ischemic brain at 24 h after ischemia. c The levels of IL-17 in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia were not significantly different from those of the sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia, respectively. CTB dose-dependently downregulated the levels of IL-17 in the ischemic brain both at 24 and 72 h after ischemia. d The levels of IL-10 in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia were not significantly different from those of the sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia, respectively. CTB did not affect the levels of IL-10 at 24 h after ischemia, while it dose-dependently upregulated the levels of IL-10 at 72 h after ischemia. Anti-CD25 pretreatment had no impact on the levels of IL-10 at 24 h, while it attenuated the up-regulations of IL-10 at 72 h after ischemia, both in the CTB-L group and CTB-H group. e The levels of TGF-β in the sham ischemic hemisphere of the CTB-sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia were not significantly different from those of the sham group at 24 and 72 h after ischemia, respectively. CTB did not affect the levels of TGF-β at 24 h after ischemia, while it dose-dependently upregulated the levels of TGF-β at 72 h after ischemia. Anti-CD25 pretreatment had no impact on the levels of TGF-β at 24 h, while it attenuated the up-regulations of TGF-β at 72 h after ischemia, both in the CTB-L group and CTB-H group. Bars represent mean ± SD (n = 8); *p < 0.05 vs MCAO group, and #p < 0.05 vs CTB-L group