Table 2.
Mean and SD of measures of depressive symptom severity (QIDS-SR) and functioning (WSAS), with mean (SD) of change and effect sizes from the STAR*D study.
| Level* | N | QIDS-SR entry (SD) | QIDS-SR exit (SD) | Change (SD) | p | ES |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2280 | 15.4 (5) | 9.4 (6.5) | −6.0 (6.5) | <0.0001 | 0.92 |
| 2 | 749 | 14.3 (4.7) | 10.5 (6.5) | −3.8 (5.8) | <0.0001 | 0.65 |
| 3 | 190 | 15.5 (4.8) | 13.1 (6.3) | −2.4 (5.6) | <0.0001 | 0.43 |
| 4 | 56 | 16.4 (4.6) | 12.3 (6.5) | −4.1 (6.3) | <0.0001 | 0.65 |
| 12-month f/u | 414 | 5.6 (3.7) | 7.7 (5.7) | 2.2 (5.1) | <0.0001 | 0.42 |
| Level* | N | WSAS entry (SD) | WSAS exit (SD) | Change (SD) | p | ES |
| 1 | 2280 | 23.8 (8.9) | 15.5 (12.1) | −8.3 (11.2) | <0.0001 | 0.74 |
| 2 | 749 | 23.6 (9.0) | 17.7 (12.1) | −5.9 (10.2) | <0.0001 | 0.58 |
| 3 | 190 | 25.7 (8.6) | 23.2 (11.4) | −2.5 (8.8) | <0.0001 | 0.29 |
| 4 | 56 | 28.1 (7.9) | 23.5 (11.4) | −4.6 (9.4) | 0.0006 | 0.49 |
| 12-month f/u | 414 | 9.7 (10.0) | 12.5 (11.6) | 2.8 (8.5) | <0.0001 | 0.33 |
Levels of treatment are as follows. Level 1: citalopram monotherapy; level 2: switching to sertraline, sustained release (SR) bupropion, extended release (XR) venlafaxine, or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); or augmenting with bupropion SR, buspirone; or CBT; level 3: switching to nortriptyline or mirtazapine; or augmenting with lithium or triiodothyronine (T3); level 4: switching to tranylcypromine; or switching to venlafaxine XR plus mirtazapine.
Values compared between entry and exit at each level and between entry to follow up and exit at 12 months of follow up.
ES, effect size; f/u, follow up; QIDS-SR, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report; SD, standard deviation; STAR*D, Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression; WSAS, Work and Social Adjustment Scale.