FIG 3.

Impact of FbaA and GAPDH on adherence to and invasion of HaCaT cells. (A) Adherence of JE2 to HaCaT and HEK293 cells normalized to that of H₂O. Strep-Tactin elution (Elu) buffer or the addition of BSA (20 μg/ml) made no significant difference in adherence. Only the addition of GAPDH (20 μg/ml), FbaA (20 μg/ml), or GAPDH plus FbaA (each 10 μg/ml) enhanced adherence (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; Wilcoxon test). (B) Adherence of JE2 to HaCaT cells with increasing concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml) of GAPDH or FbaA (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001; ns, not significant, by one-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni posttest). (C) Invasion into HaCaT cells, normalized to that of H₂O, in the presence of GAPDH and FbaA (each, 10 μg/ml) (****, P < 0.0001, by t test).