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Mean (±SE) Rt values for seven pandemic (blue) and seven nonpandemic (white) viruses in distilled water at pHs ranging from 5.4 to 9. The temperature was held constant at 17°C, and salinity was 0 ppm. No statistically significant differences were observed in the responses for pandemic and nonpandemic viruses at any pH at an α value of 0.05.
