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A: Evaluation of tight junction opening, of 16HBE cells treated with either chitosan (CS) or NPL. Untreated cells were compared with cells treated with NPL, CS or lucifer yellow (LY). B: Evaluation of paracellular and transcellular permeability of LY. Cells monolayer with LY alone and in presence of CS or NPL. Results are expressed as the means ± SD of triplicate measurements of two independent experiments. *:p < 0.05; **:p < 0.01; ***:p < 0.001.
