Table 1.
Sample Description
| Autism | ID | |
|---|---|---|
| Subjects with Unremarkable Results | ||
| n | 44 | 8 |
| Age at urine sample (years), M ± SD | 7.26 ± 1.62 | 5.86 ± 1.29 |
| Urine creatine result3, M ± SD | 347.32 ± 309.96 | 359.25 ± 226.61 |
| Median | 259 | 334.50 |
| Range | 17 – 1265 | 17 – 125 |
| Urine creatinine result, M ± SD | 7158.80 ± 3536.68 | 7791.13 ± 2663.35 |
| Median | 7011.30 | 7449.90 |
| Range | 1204.90 – 19293.30 | 3890.10 – 12570.50 |
| Urine GAA result, M ± SD | 58.86 ± 21.01 | 58.38 ± 26.64 |
| Median | 58.5 | 59 |
| Range | 15 – 114 | 17 – 94 |
| Age of first developmental concern (months)1, M ± SD | 14.02 ± 6.54 | 7.67 ± 2.96 |
| Nonverbal Ratio IQ2, M ± SD | 58.36 ± 25.92 | 60.6 ± 10.73 |
| Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite, M ± SD | 67.93 ± 11.66 | 73.88 ± 8.94 |
| Subjects with Remarkable Results | ||
| n | 2 | 1 |
| Age at urine sample (years) | 5.87, 7.19 | 7.19 |
| Urine creatine result | 1475, 1114 | 2153 |
| Urine creatinine result | 6342.4, 8538 | 7678 |
| Urine GAA result | 87, 57 | 85 |
| Age of first developmental concern (months) | 12, 12 | 8 |
| Nonverbal Ratio IQ | 85, 44.95 | 28.39 |
| Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite | 81, 60 | 62 |
1
Clinical judgment of the age when developmental abnormalities were first noticed by parents, based on Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised.
2
Nonverbal Ratio IQ was derived from either the Differential Ability Scales, 2nd edition or the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.
3
Among subjects with unremarkable results, all subjects were aged 4–10 years except for one AUT subject (Creatine value = 17; GAA value = 34; Creatinine value = 10907.2). References ranges for creatine are as follows: Less than 4 years 23 – 1500 mmol/mol, 4–10 years 24 – 890 mmol/mol, and 11–50 10 – 370 mmol/mol.