Table 2.
Association Between Baseline Body Mass Index (BMI) on Longitudinal Inflammatory and Immune Activation Markers
| Marker | Univariable Analysis |
Multivariable Analysisa |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference,b Mean (95% CI) | P Value | Difference,b Mean (95% CI) | P Value | |
| IL-6 level in pg/mL | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||
| Underweight | 5.8 (−17.8 to 29.3) | .63 | 14.2 (−9.5 to 37.9) | .24 |
| Overweight | −1.5 (−26.2 to 23.2) | .91 | −0.2 (−25.7 to 25.4) | .99 |
| TNF-α level in pg/mL | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||
| Underweight | −1.5 (−6.6 to 3.6) | .57 | 0.9 (−4.0 to 5.9) | .71 |
| Overweight | −2.0 (−7.3 to 3.4) | .47 | −0.3 (−5.7 to 5.0) | .90 |
| INF-γ level in pg/mL | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||
| Underweight | −23.1 (−43.1 to −2.9) | .02 | −6.9 (−26.0 to 12.2) | .48 |
| Overweight | −35.1 (−56.1 to −13.9) | .001 | −17.4 (−37.9 to 3.3) | .10 |
| CXCL-10 level in pg/mL | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||
| Underweight | 52.4 (−525.6 to 630.4) | .86 | 82.3 (−496.3 to 661.0) | .78 |
| Overweight | 12.9 (−593.8 to 619.8) | .97 | −94.4 (−718.5 to 529.7) | .77 |
| IL-18 level in pg/mL | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||
| Underweight | −172.9 (−314.3 to −31.5) | .02 | −175.4 (−321.0 to −29.9) | .02 |
| Overweight | −114.5 (−263.8 to 34.8) | .13 | −137.8 (−295.1 to 19.6) | .09 |
| CRP level in mg/L | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||
| Underweight | −10.1 (−21.2 to .9) | .07 | −11.3 (−19.6 to −3.0) | .01 |
| Overweight | −6.7 (−18.4 to 5.0) | .26 | −10.4 (−19.5 to −1.4) | .02 |
| Log10 sCD14 level in pg/mL | ||||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | ||
| Underweight | 0.1 (−.02 to .3) | .10 | 0.1 (−.2 to .3) | .49 |
| Overweight | 0.3 (.2–.5) | <.001 | 0.2 (−.04 to .5) | .09 |
BMI was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared and categorized as underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), overweight (>25–29.9), and obese (≥30) [31].
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; CXCL-10, interferon γ–inducible protein 10; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-18, interleukin 18; sCD14, soluble CD14; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.
a Longitudinal markers over 48 weeks were modeled using a random effects model. The multivariable model was adjusted for age, sex, country, study treatment arm, screening CD4+ T-cell count, baseline log10 HIV RNA load, and prevalent tuberculosis.
b Over 48 weeks.