Table S1.

First multiple linear regression model with bone density as outcome

Variable	B (SE)	P-value
Age (years)	−1.73 (0.19)	<0.001
Pack-years	−0.03 (0.06)	0.56
Smoking status	8.67 (2.01)	<0.001
FEV1 % predicted	−0.01 (0.07)	0.88
COPD status	2.02 (2.53)	0.43
Perc15	0.11 (0.06)	0.05
E/I-ratioMLD	−0.33 (0.18)	0.07

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficient; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; E/I-ratio_MLD, expiration to inspiration ratio of mean lung density; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; Perc15, emphysema score as 15th percentile of attenuation distribution curve on inspiratory scan; SE, standard error.