Table 4.
Demographic and health history differences among asthma and COPD groups, both before and after propensity score matching
| Variable | Prepropensity score matching
|
Postpropensity score matching
|
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACOS (A) (N=366) | Asthma only (B) (N=825) | COPD only (C) (N=1,602) | Control (D) (N=57,142) | P-value | ACOS (A) (N=350) | Asthma only (B) (N=822) | COPD only (C) (N=1,598) | Matched control (D) (N=2,770) | P-value | |
| Survey year | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 2010 (%) | 124 (33.88) BC | 202 (24.48) ACD | 678 (42.32) ABD | 18,950 (33.16) BC | 123 (35.14) B | 202 (24.57) ACD | 677 (42.37) BD | 1,031 (37.22) BC | ||
| 2012 (%) | 123 (33.61) | 297 (36.00) | 496 (30.96) | 19,078 (33.39) | 114 (32.57) | 295 (35.89) | 494 (30.91) | 890 (32.13) | ||
| 2013 (%) | 119 (32.51) | 326 (39.52) CD | 428 (26.72) BD | 19,114 (33.45) BC | 113 (32.29) | 325 (39.54) CD | 427 (26.72) BD | 849 (30.65) BC | ||
| Age (years) | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| N | 366 | 825 | 1,602 | 57,142 | 350 | 822 | 1,598 | 2,770 | ||
| Mean ± SD | 42.79±14.30 | 43.45±14.63 D | 42.10±14.71 | 41.47±15.01 B | 43.11±14.42 | 43.47±14.65 C | 42.07±14.69 BD | 43.83±15.11 C | ||
| Sex | <0.001 | 0.263 | ||||||||
| Male (%) | 215 (58.74) | 475 (57.58) | 959 (59.86) D | 31,105 (54.43) C | 205 (58.57) | 473 (57.54) | 957 (59.89) | 1,695 (61.19) | ||
| Female (%) | 151 (41.26) | 350 (42.42) | 643 (40.14) D | 26,037 (45.57) C | 145 (41.43) | 349 (42.46) | 641 (40.11) | 1,075 (38.81) | ||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Less than University | 150 (40.98) | 319 (38.67) CD | 720 (44.94) B | 26,707 (46.74) B | 145 (41.43) | 319 (38.81) CD | 719 (44.99) B | 1,295 (46.75) B | ||
| degree (%) | ||||||||||
| University degree (%) | 216 (59.02) | 506 (61.33) CD | 882 (55.06) B | 30,435 (53.26) B | 205 (58.57) | 503 (61.19) CD | 879 (55.01) B | 1,475 (53.25) B | ||
| Household income | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Renminbi (RMB) | 24 (6.56) | 64 (7.76) | 130 (8.11) D | 6,088 (10.65) BC | 24 (6.86) | 64 (7.79) | 130 (8.14) | 243 (8.77) | ||
| <2,500 (%) | ||||||||||
| RMB 2,500 to <6,000 (%) | 86 (23.50) | 179 (21.70) | 397 (24.78%) BD | 15,943 (27.90) BC | 83 (23.71) | 179 (21.78) | 396 (24.78) | 722 (26.06) | ||
| RMB 6,000 to <10,000 (%) | 108 (29.51) | 270 (32.73) | 488 (30.46) | 16,987 (29.73) | 101 (28.86) | 267 (32.48) | 485 (30.35) | 931 (33.61) | ||
| RMB 10,000+ (%) | 145 (39.62) | 299 (36.24) | 565 (35.27) | 16,238 (28.42) ABC | 139 (39.71) D | 299 (36.37) D | 565 (35.36) D | 826 (29.82) ABC | ||
| Declined to answer (%) | 3 (0.82) | 13 (1.58) | 22 (1.37) | 1,886 (3.30) ABC | 3 (0.86) | 13 (1.58) | 22 (1.38) | 48 (1.73) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.001 | 0.009 | ||||||||
| Underweight (%) | 28 (7.65) | 59 (7.15) | 110 (6.87) | 4,701 (8.23) | 27 (7.71) | 59 (7.18) | 109 (6.82) | 159 (5.74) | ||
| Acceptable risk (%) | 155 (42.35) | 354 (42.91) | 761 (47.50) | 26,744 (46.80) | 149 (42.57) | 353 (42.94) | 759 (47.50) D | 1,186 (42.82) C | ||
| Increased risk (%) | 132 (36.07) | 277 (33.58) | 506 (31.59) | 18,280 (31.99) | 126 (36.00) | 277 (33.70) | 505 (31.60) | 911 (32.89) | ||
| High risk (%) | 49 (13.39) | 129 (15.64) D | 213 (13.30) | 6,546 (11.46) B | 46 (13.14) | 127 (15.45) | 213 (13.33) D | 484 (17.47) C | ||
| Decline to provide weight (%) | 2 (0.55) | 6 (0.73) | 12 (0.75) | 871 (1.52) | 2 (0.57) | 6 (0.73) | 12 (0.75) | 30 (1.08) | ||
| Alcohol use | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| Do not drink (%) | 73 (19.95) D | 180 (21.82) D | 396 (24.72) D | 20,814 (36.43) ABC | 72 (20.57) D | 180 (21.90) D | 395 (24.72) | 756 (27.29) AB | ||
| Drink alcohol (%) | 293 (80.05) BD | 645 (78.18) BD | 1,206 (75.28) D | 36,328 (63.57) ABC | 278 (79.43) D | 642 (78.10) D | 1,203 (75.28) | 2,014 (72.71) AB | ||
| Exercise behavior | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Do not exercise (%) | 118 (32.24) CD | 282 (34.18) CD | 680 (42.45) ABD | 26,311 (46.04) ABC | 115 (32.86) CD | 282 (34.31) CD | 679 (42.49) AB | 1,141 (41.19) AB | ||
| Regularly exercise (%) | 248 (67.76) CD | 543 (65.82) CD | 922 (57.55) ABD | 30,831 (53.96) ABC | 235 (67.14) CD | 540 (65.69) CD | 919 (57.51) AB | 1,629 (58.81) AB | ||
| Smoking habits | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Never smoked (%) | 164 (44.81) | 381 (46.18) | 833 (52.00) BD | 37,960 (66.43) ABC | 163 (46.57) | 381 (46.35) | 831 (52.00) D | 1,303 (47.04) C | ||
| Former smoker (%) | 64 (17.49) | 108 (13.09) | 248 (15.48) D | 7,390 (12.93) C | 62 (17.71) | 108 (13.14) D | 248 (15.52) | 481 (17.36) B | ||
| Current smoker (%) | 138 (37.70) | 336 (40.73) CD | 521 (32.52) BD | 11,792 (20.64) ABC | 125 (35.71) | 333 (40.51) C | 519 (32.48) B | 986 (35.60) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Index (CCI) – adjusteda | ||||||||||
| N | 366 | 825 | 1,602 | 57,142 | 350 | 822 | 1,598 | 2,770 | ||
| Mean ± SD | 1.60±4.25 BCD | 0.71±1.26 ACD | 0.42±0.94 ABD | 0.18±0.50 ABC | 0.87±1.62 BCD | 0.68±1.07 ACD | 0.40±0.87 ABD | 0.58±1.12 ABC | ||
Notes: Letters beside values indicate which groups are significantly different from this value using a post hoc comparison (with a Tukey adjustment). For example, the letters “CD” below a value would suggest the mean/percentage is significantly different from the COPD only (group C) and the control (group D) groups.
a
The adjusted CCI removes COPD conditions from the calculation. The P-values in this table are based on a chi-square test (for categorical variables) or a one-way ANOVA test (for continuous variables).
Abbreviations: ACOS, asthma COPD overlap syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD, standard deviation.