Table 7.
Adjusted mean health outcomes among patients with ACOS, COPD only, asthma only, and propensity score matched controls
| Dependent variable | ACOS group | Adjusted mean | SE | 95% LCL | 95% UCL | P-value* | P-value** | P-value*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF-12v2/36v2: Mental component summary | ACOS | 40.47 | 0.44 | 39.60 | 41.33 | <0.0001 | 0.5947 | <0.0001 |
| SF-12v2/36v2: Mental component summary | COPD only | 42.88 | 0.21 | 42.48 | 43.29 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | – |
| SF-12v2/36v2: Mental component summary | Asthma only | 40.75 | 0.29 | 40.18 | 41.32 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| SF-12v2/36v2: Mental component summary | Matched control | 44.85 | 0.16 | 44.54 | 45.16 | – | – | – |
| SF-12v2/36v2: Physical component summary | ACOS | 44.99 | 0.36 | 44.29 | 45.70 | <0.0001 | 0.9896 | <0.0001 |
| SF-12v2/36v2: Physical component summary | COPD only | 47.66 | 0.17 | 47.32 | 47.99 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | – |
| SF-12v2/36v2: Physical component summary | Asthma only | 44.99 | 0.24 | 44.53 | 45.45 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| SF-12v2/36v2: Physical component summary | Matched control | 49.86 | 0.13 | 49.61 | 50.11 | – | – | – |
| SF-6D: Health state utility score | ACOS | 0.63 | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.64 | <0.0001 | 0.5311 | <0.0001 |
| SF-6D: Health state utility score | COPD only | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.66 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | – |
| SF-6D: Health state utility score | Asthma only | 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.63 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| SF-6D: Health state utility score | Matched control | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.69 | – | – | – |
| Absenteeism % | ACOS | 14.28 | 1.62 | 11.43 | 17.83 | <0.0001 | 0.7998 | <0.0001 |
| Absenteeism % | COPD only | 8.71 | 0.47 | 7.84 | 9.68 | 0.0008 | <0.0001 | – |
| Absenteeism % | Asthma only | 13.79 | 1.02 | 11.93 | 15.95 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Absenteeism % | Matched control | 6.93 | 0.28 | 6.39 | 7.51 | – | – | – |
| Presenteeism % | ACOS | 37.07 | 1.85 | 33.63 | 40.87 | <0.0001 | 0.0178 | 0.0014 |
| Presenteeism % | COPD only | 31.07 | 0.74 | 29.65 | 32.56 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | – |
| Presenteeism % | Asthma only | 42.69 | 1.40 | 40.04 | 45.52 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Presenteeism % | Matched control | 26.30 | 0.48 | 25.38 | 27.26 | – | – | – |
| Overall work impairment % | ACOS | 43.65 | 2.17 | 39.59 | 48.12 | <0.0001 | 0.0732 | <0.0001 |
| Overall work impairment % | COPD only | 35.19 | 0.83 | 33.61 | 36.85 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | – |
| Overall work impairment % | Asthma only | 48.55 | 1.58 | 45.56 | 51.74 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Overall work impairment % | Matched control | 29.80 | 0.53 | 28.77 | 30.86 | – | – | – |
| Activity impairment % | ACOS | 40.08 | 1.76 | 36.78 | 43.68 | <0.0001 | 0.4529 | <0.0001 |
| Activity impairment % | COPD only | 31.38 | 0.65 | 30.13 | 32.69 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | – |
| Activity impairment % | Asthma only | 41.69 | 1.20 | 39.40 | 44.11 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Activity impairment % | Matched control | 25.83 | 0.41 | 25.04 | 26.63 | – | – | – |
| Health care provider visits in past 6 months | ACOS | 5.13 | 0.41 | 4.39 | 5.99 | <0.0001 | 0.2961 | 0.0010 |
| Health care provider visits in past 6 months | COPD only | 3.84 | 0.15 | 3.56 | 4.14 | <0.0001 | 0.0035 | – |
| Health care provider visits in past 6 months | Asthma only | 4.65 | 0.24 | 4.20 | 5.15 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Health care provider visits in past 6 months | Matched control | 2.39 | 0.07 | 2.25 | 2.54 | – | – | – |
| ER visits in the past 6 months | ACOS | 1.09 | 0.13 | 0.87 | 1.38 | <0.0001 | 0.2337 | 0.0006 |
| ER visits in the past 6 months | COPD only | 0.70 | 0.04 | 0.62 | 0.79 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | – |
| ER visits in the past 6 months | Asthma only | 1.29 | 0.10 | 1.11 | 1.49 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| ER visits in the past 6 months | Matched control | 0.46 | 0.02 | 0.42 | 0.51 | – | – | – |
| Hospitalizations in the past 6 months | ACOS | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.44 | <0.0001 | 0.0205 | 0.0003 |
| Hospitalizations in the past 6 months | COPD only | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.0004 | <0.0001 | – |
| Hospitalizations in the past 6 months | Asthma only | 0.48 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.58 | <0.0001 | – | – |
| Hospitalizations in the past 6 months | Matched control | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.13 | – | – | – |
Notes: All models adjusted for survey year, age, education, household income, BMI, alcohol use, exercise behavior, smoking habits, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index.
Statistical significance of comparing to the control group.
Statistical significance of comparing to the asthma only group.
Statistical significance of comparing to the COPD only group. The P-values in this table are based on a Wald chi-square test as part of the generalized linear regression model.
Abbreviations: ACOS, asthma COPD overlap syndrome; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ER, emergency room; SE, standard error; SF-12v2/SF-36v2, Short Form-12 version 2/Short Form-36 version 2; SF-6D, Short Form-6D; LCL, lower confidence limit; UCL, upper confidence limit.