Table 4. Multiple stepwise linear regression model controlled for the confounding factors.

The data are pooled for the machined and laser-modified implants (n = 20).

Dependent variables	Independent variables	Controlled confounders	Adjusted R2	β-coefficient	p-value
RTQ	Inner BIC	Implant type	0.84	0.11	0.46
	Total BIC	Implant type	0.84	0.38	0.001
rRFA	Total BA	iRFA	0.47	0.38	0.078
	Total BIC	iRFA	0.47	0.292	0.141

RTQ = removal torque measurement; rRFA = resonance frequency analysis at retrieval; iRFA = resonance frequency analysis at insertion; BIC = bone-implant contact; BA = bone area