Table 2.
| A – Baseline Estimates: Ethnic Inequality and Economic Development (in 2000), Atlas Narodov Mira (GREG)
| |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
| Ethnic Inequality [Gini Coeff., GREG] | −1.3911*** (0.2588) | −1.3900*** (0.3416) | −0.9518** (0.3953) | −0.9276* (0.4845) | −1.3449*** (0.4943) | −1.1032** (0.5188) | −1.1172** (0.5492) | ||
| Spatial Inequality [Gini Coeff.,] | −0.9973*** (0.2774) | −0.0015 (0.3510) | −0.0315 (0.3568) | −0.0046 (0.3539) | 0.0104 (0.3591) | −0.5592 (0.4749) | |||
| Log Number of Ethnicitie [GREG] | −0.3136*** (0.0612) | −0.1429 (0.0908) | −0.1433 (0.0917) | −0.2174* (0.1277) | −0.1863 (0.1440) | ||||
| Ethnic Inequality in Population [Gini Coeff., GREG] | 0.6517 (1.1500) | 1.1554 (1.1554) | 1.0858 (1.2546) | ||||||
| Ethnic Inequality in Size (Area) [Gini Coeff., GREG] | −0.7933 (1.1732) | −0.7949 (1.1060) | −0.8276 (1.2297) | ||||||
| Log Land Area | 0.1442 (0.0879) | ||||||||
| Log Population (in 2000) | −0.1368 (0.0829) | ||||||||
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.654 | 0.623 | 0.652 | 0.646 | 0.657 | 0.655 | 0.65 | 0.656 | 0.662 |
| Observations | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 |
| Region Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| B – Baseline Estimates: Ethnic Inequality and Economic Development (in 2000), Ethnologue
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
| Ethnic Inequality [Gini Coeff., ETHNO] | −1.1603*** (0.2328) | −1.0745*** (0.2652) | −1.1688*** (0.3587) | −1.0636** (0.4241) | −1.3452*** (0.3469) | −1.2368*** (0.4377) | −1.7186*** (0.4549) | ||
| Spatial Inequality [Gini Coeff., Pixels] | −0.9973*** (0.2774) | −0.1549 (0.3021) | −0.1564 (0.3136) | −0.1760 (0.3010) | −0.1992 (0.3165) | −0.5351 (0.4235) | |||
| Log Number of Languages [ETHNO] | −0.1921*** (0.0466) | 0.0021 (0.0688) | −0.0025 (0.0711) | −0.0378 (0.0826) | 0.0726 (0.0967) | ||||
| Ethnic Inequality in Population [Gini Coeff., ETHNO] | 0.8012 (0.9324) | 0.8460 (0.9387) | 0.8453 (0.9144) | ||||||
| Ethnic Inequality in Size (Area) [Gini Coeff., ETHNO] | −0.4898 (0.8948) | −0.4574 (0.9045) | −0.2958 (0.8853) | ||||||
| Log Land Area | 0.1366* (0.0808) | ||||||||
| Log Population | −0.2105** (0.0840) | ||||||||
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.654 | 0.623 | 0.652 | 0.632 | 0.652 | 0.65 | 0.651 | 0.649 | 0.665 |
| Observations | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 | 173 |
| Region Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
The table reports cross-country OLS estimates. The dependent variable is the log of real GDP per capita in 2000. The ethnic Gini coefficients reflect inequality in lights per capita across ethnic-linguistic homelands. In Table 2A we use the digitized version of the Atlas Narodov Mira (GREG) to aggregate lights per capita across ethnic homelands. In Table 2B we use the digitized version of the Ethnologue database to aggregate lights per capita across linguistic homelands. The overall spatial inequality index (Gini coefficient) captures the degree of spatial inequality across 2.5 by 2.5 decimal degree boxes/pixels in each country (boxes intersected by national boundaries are of smaller size). Section 2 gives details on the construction of the ethnic inequality and spatial inequality (Gini) indexes. The log number of ethnicities in columns (4)–(6), (8), and (9) denotes the logarithm of the number of ethnic and linguistic groups in each country according to the Atlas Narodov Mira (in Table 2A) and the Ehnologue (in Table 2B). Columns (7), (8), and (9) include as controls a Gini index capturing inequality in population across ethnic (linguistic) homelands and a Gini index capturing inequality in land area across ethnic (linguistic) homelands. Column (9 includes the log of country’s land area and the log of population in 2000. All specifications include regional fixed effects (constants not reported). The Data Appendix gives detailed variable definitions and data sources. Robust (heteroskedasticity—adjusted) standard errors are reported in parentheses below the estimates.
***, **, and *indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.