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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2016 Feb 9;49(5):668–677. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.023

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

A. Photo of Puzzle constructs assembled and placed in culture at Day 28. B. Gross morphology assembled 3×3 arrangement of 9 subunit Puzzle pieces at Day 49 (28 days individual + 21 days assembled culture). Scale bar: 1 mm; C. Gross morphology of Square construct showing a fluid-filled sac (marked by dotted white arrows). D. Energy to Failure (Puzzle: n=9; Square: n=6; Fresh: n=3; no statistically significant difference; Puzzle and Square groups contain values from two independent studies, Fresh group contains values from one study). E. Representative images of puzzle, square, and fresh constructs at the start strain, the failure strain, and a strain past failure. Failure of the square construct is shown in the case of with (right) and without (left) fluid filled sacs. Constructs speckled with Verhoeff stain for visualization; Solid yellow arrows mark areas of tearing. Dotted pink arrows mark areas of minimal damage separation. Blue @ symbols indicate exudation of fluid from internal sacs. The corresponding videos for these representative failure test images are compiled in Supplemental Video 1.