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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 14.
Published in final edited form as: Vet Parasitol. 2010 May 31;172(3-4):183–194. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.05.019

Table 1.

Results of viral screening

Virusa Sample
tested		 Number
of otters
tested		 Virus
isolaton		 Overview
of
serology
resultsb 		Proportion
seropositive		 HPa PCRa IHCa TEMa Laboratories
completing
tests a
CDV Brain, lymph
node, serum		 12 Neg Weak pos
(1:16,
1:24)		 3/12 Neg Neg Neg ND OK, UCD,
CU
PDV Brain, lymph
node, serum		 12 Neg Neg
(<1:8)		 0/6 Neg Neg ND ND OK, UCD
CPV Feces,
serum		 11 Neg Weak pos
(1:20)		 4/11 Neg Neg ND Neg OK, UCD,
CU
WNV Feces,
serum		 2 Neg ND ND Neg Neg ND ND OK, UCD
PHV1 Serum 6 Neg Neg
(<1:8)		 0/6 Neg ND ND ND OK
PVH2 Serum 6 Neg Neg
(<1:8)		 0/6 Neg ND ND ND OK
EMCV Serum 12 Neg Weak pos
(1:16)		 3/12 Neg ND ND ND CU
a

CDV = canine distemper virus, PDV = phocine distemper virus, CPV = canine parvovirus, WNV = west nile virus, PHV1, 2 = phocine herpesviruses 1 & 2, EMCV = encephalomyocarditis virus, HP = histopathology, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, IHC = immunohistochemistry, TEM = transmission electron microscopy, OK = Oklahoma Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, UCD = UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, CU = Cornell School of Veterinary Medicine:

b

Tests completed using serum neutralization (SN) or hemagglutanin inhibition (HI) is also confirmed