Table 3.
Adjusted relative risks (RR) for stopping any breastfeeding before 3 and 6 months by quartiles of maternal serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations
| PFAS (ng/mL) | Stopped Any Breastfeeding by 3 months | Stopped Any Breastfeeding by 6 months | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N a | RR (95% CI)b | n/N a | RR (95% CI)b | |
| PFOA | ||||
| <3.8 | 21/83 | 1.00 (reference) | 30/83 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 3.8–5.4 | 37/79 | 1.32 (0.92, 1.88) | 49/79 | 1.25 (0.96, 1.62) |
| 5.5–7.6 | 47/86 | 1.63 (1.16, 2.28) | 59/86 | 1.38 (1.06, 1.79) |
| >7.6 | 43/88 | 1.77 (1.23, 2.54) | 54/88 | 1.41 (1.06, 1.87) |
| p-trend | 0.003 | 0.038 | ||
| PFOS | ||||
| <9.6 | 33/82 | 1.00 (reference) | 41/82 | 1.00 (reference) |
| 9.6–13.8 | 34/86 | 1.08 (0.79, 1.46) | 50/86 | 1.17 (0.93, 1.48) |
| 13.9–18.1 | 40/84 | 1.39 (1.04, 1.88) | 47/84 | 1.16 (0.91, 1.48) |
| >18.1 | 41/84 | 1.32 (0.97, 1.79) | 54/84 | 1.25 (0.98, 1.58) |
| p-trend | 0.065 | 0.111 | ||
a
Number stopping/number in quartile
b
Adjusted for continuous maternal age at delivery, household income, total weeks of prior breastfeeding, and gestational week at blood draw, and indicator variables for marital status (married or unmarried), race (White, Black, Other), parity (nulliparous v. parous), maternal serum cotinine during pregnancy (<0.015, 0.0015–3, or >3 ng/mL), and alcohol use during pregnancy (yes v. no)