Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes according to a clinical cut-point in the overall cohort and by race, the ARIC Study 1990–98
| Normal | Elevated | |
|---|---|---|
| Median (pg/mL) | 37.8 | 74.1 |
| Range (pg/mL) | 2.1–64.9 | 65.0–179.8 |
| Overall cohort | ||
| N participants | 9340 | 760 |
| N events | 585 | 80 |
| Event ratea | 11.3 | 19.6 |
| Model 1b | 1 (ref) | 1.72 (1.36, 2.19) |
| Model 2c | 1 (ref) | 1.26 (0.98, 1.62) |
| Model 3d | 1 (ref) | 1.24 (0.97, 1.60) |
| Whites | ||
| N participants | 7610 | 456 |
| N events | 448 | 50 |
| Event ratea | 10.5 | 20.5 |
| Model 1b | 1 (ref) | 1.86 (1.38, 2.51) |
| Model 2c | 1 (ref) | 1.43 (1.05, 1.94) |
| Model 3d | 1 (ref) | 1.38 (1.01, 1.88) |
| Blacks | ||
| N participants | 1730 | 304 |
| N events | 137 | 30 |
| Event ratea | 14.8 | 18.4 |
| Model 1b | 1 (ref) | 1.35 (0.90, 2.03) |
| Model 2c | 1 (ref) | 1.09 (0.72, 1.65) |
| Model 3d | 1 (ref) | 1.15 (0.75, 1.77) |
a
Event rate per 1,000 person-years
b
Model 1 adjusts for age, sex, race (except for race stratified analyses), season of blood draw, education (less than high school, high school, more than high school), and family history of diabetes (yes/no).
c
Model 2 adjusts for Model 1 + body mass index (kg/m2), physical activity (Baecke sport activity index), smoking status (current, former, never), alcohol use (g/wk), and eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2).
d
Model 3 adjusts for Model 2 + 25(OH)D (ng/mL).