Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristic | Control (n = 17 teams, 68 participants) |
Individual Incentive (n = 20 teams, 80 participants) |
Team Incentive (n = 19 teams, 76 participants) |
Combined Incentive (n = 20 teams, 80 participants) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female Gender, n (%) | 51 (75.0) | 62 (77.5) | 65 (85.5) | 57 (71.3) | 0.19 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 43.2 (10.0) | 39.3 (10.2) | 38.7 (10.2) | 41.2 (10.8) | 0.04 |
| Self-reported baseline measures | |||||
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 29.0 (6.7) | 29.9 (6.3) | 28.1 (6.4) | 29.7 (6.2) | 0.31 |
| Physical activity in the last 7 days (MET-min), Median (IQR) |
4220.8 (2001.3, 6708.0) |
3510.0 (1704.0, 5875.5) |
3486.0 (2214.0, 5328.0) |
2967.0 (1465.0, 4904.3) |
0.70 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.09 | ||||
| White non-Hispanic | 38 (55.9) | 30 (37.5) | 43 (56.6) | 50 (62.5) | |
| African American non-Hispanic | 22 (32.4) | 37 (46.3) | 23 (30.3) | 19 (23.8) | |
| Other non-Hispanic | 3 (4.4) | 9 (11.3) | 6 (7.9) | 8 (10.0) | |
| Hispanic | 5 (7.4) | 4 (5.0) | 3 (3.9) | 3 (3.8) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.73 | ||||
| Less than college | 2 (2.9) | 7 (8.8) | 6 (7.9) | 7 (8.8) | |
| Some college | 20 (29.4) | 23 (23.8) | 26 (34.2) | 21 (26.3) | |
| College graduate | 45 (66.2) | 50 (62.5) | 44 (57.9) | 52 (65.0) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.12 | ||||
| Single | 28 (41.2) | 43 (58.8) | 33 (43.4) | 26 (32.5) | |
| Married | 35 (51.5) | 29 (36.3) | 32 (42.1) | 41 (51.3) | |
| Other | 5 (7.4) | 8 (10.0) | 11 (14.5) | 13 (16.3) | |
| Annual household income, n (%) | 0.08 | ||||
| Less than $50,000 | 21 (26.3) | 21 (26.3) | 13 (17.1) | 11 (13.8) | |
| $50,000 to $100,000 | 34 (42.5) | 34 (42.5) | 38 (50.0) | 34 (42.5) | |
| Greater than $100,000 | 18 (22.5) | 18 (22.5) | 21 (27.6) | 30 (37.5) | |
| iPhone Smartphone, n (%) | 40 (50.8) | 47 (58.8) | 43 (56.6) | 55 (68.8) | 0.40 |
MET = metabolic equivalent of task, a measure of energy expenditure; IQR = interquartile range