Table 2.
Selected cardiovascular biomarkers measured from monkeys before and after intervention with twice weekly heat treatment for 5 weeks
| Control | Heat-treated | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Old | Young | ANCOVA p value | ANCOVA p value | |||
| SBP | mmHg | Baseline | 124 (9.56) | 147 (13.8) | 123 (8.24) | ||
| Study end | 134 (7.90) | 123 (7.51) | 119 (9.23) | 0.48 | 0.11 | ||
| DBP | mmHg | Baseline | 64.6 (1.27) | 78 (6.64) | 67.2 (2.98) | ||
| Study end | 66.5 (5.74) | 61.5 (5.27) | 61.0 (3.58) | 0.65 | 0.18 | ||
| MAP | mmHg | Baseline | 85.7 (3.97) | 97.9 (9.61) | 84.2 (4.46) | ||
| Study end | 90.5 (6.25) | 82.9 (4.56) | 79.9 (4.76) | 0.36 | 0.07 | ||
| HR | bpm | Baseline | 163 (5.28) | 165 (8.76) | 166 (8.47) | ||
| Study end | 164 (9.97) | 144 (9.32) | 164 (6.09) | 0.12 | 0.13 | ||
| Plasma HSP70 | ng/mL | Baseline | 0.70 (0.62) | 3.86 (2.61) | 3.22 (2.42) | ||
| Study end | 3.73 (2.12) | 11.21 (3.29) | 16.93 (5.93) | 0.20 | 0.08 | ||
| Troponin | ng/mL | Baseline | 0.009 (0.004) | 0.008 (0.003) | 0.003 (0.001) | ||
| Study end | 0.011 (0.002) | 0.008 (0.002) | 0.024 (0.007) | 0.05 | 0.37 | ||
| Fibronogen | mg/mL | Baseline | 265 (96.0) | 230 (29.8) | 219 (42.9) | ||
| Study end | 163 (43.5) | 332 (103) | 158 (15.7) | 0.22 | 0.15 | ||
| CRP | ng/mL | Baseline | 22.1 (12.3) | 1.06 (0.38) | 12.1 (3.70) | ||
| Study end | 2.38 (0.67) | 1.38 (0.14) | 2.11 (0.93) | 0.10 | 0.24 | ||
| BNP-1 | ng/mL | Baseline | 7.44 (6.11) | 3.36 (1.75) | 2.24 (2.23) | ||
| Study end | 0.91 (0.76) | 6.52 (3.33) | 3.29 (1.11) | 0.55 | 0.18 | ||
| CK-MB | U/L | Baseline | 1.69 (1.69) | 2.25 (1.40) | 26.2 (14.4) | ||
| Study end | 0.14 (0.14) | 6.22 (2.12) | 14.7 (7.22) | 0.41 | 0.12 | ||
| AngII | pg/mL | Baseline | 506 (146) | 576 (386) | 215 (57.4) | ||
| Study end | 2101 (1338) | 722 (435) | 627 (389) | 0.88 | 0.30 | ||
| Ang1–7 | pg/mL | Baseline | 84.8 (24.8) | 81.8 (34.0) | 53.0 (7.08) | ||
| Study end | 129 (61.3) | 97.7 (41.1) | 66.9 (22.8) | 0.58 | 0.14 | ||
Variables were measured before study and between 3 and 5 days after the final heat exposure
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic BP, MAP mean arterial pressure, CRP c-reactive protein, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, CK-MB creatine kinase–myocardial isoform, Ang angiotensin