Table 2.
Comparison of various combinations of sedative drugs and outcome.
| Researcher | Patient’s age | Drugs/combination | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treston (2004) (53) | 1–12 years | Ketamine | Longer than 3 h: 15.7% patients vomited |
| Prospective cohort | No combination | ||
| Emergency | |||
| Agrawal et al. (2003) | 5 days to 18 years | 47% Ketamine | All adverse events were minor |
| Prospective case | 23% Fentanyl and midazolam | Emesis resulted in 15 (1.5%) patients | |
| Mixed drugs | Median (5.4 years) | 24% Chloral hydrate and pentobarbital | No signs of aspiration were observed |
| Roback et al. (2004) | 19 days to 18 years | Ketamine, midazolam | No significant adverse effects |
| Prospective cohort | |||
| Emergency ketamine, midazolam | Median: (6.7 year) | Used in combination | No patients experienced clinically apparent aspiration |