Table 1.

Research subject characteristics.

Variable	All (n = 48)	Gotu kola extract therapy 1000 mg (n = 17)	Gotu kola extract therapy 750 mg (n = 17)	Folic acid therapy 3 mg (n = 14)	p
Age (mean ± year)	60.27 ± 11.83	60.27 ± 11.91	57.29 ± 10.36	63.13 ± 13.21	0.414
Gender (n%)
(i) Male	60.41	52.94	70.58	57.14	0.481
(ii) Female	39.58	47.05	29.41	42.85
Education (n%)
(i) Elem	31.3	33.3	23.5	37.5	0.670
(ii) Junior	14.6	26.7	5.9	12.5
(iii) High	29.2	20.0	52.9	12.5
(iv) College/univ	25.0	20.0	17.6	37.5
History of DM
(i) Yes	37.5	33.3	35.3	43.8	0.823
(ii) No	62.5	66.7	64.7	56.3
Length of DM
(i) <5 yrs	53.33	60.0	60.0	40.0	0.804
(ii) >5 yrs	46.67	40.0	40.0	60.0
History of stroke
(i) Yes	52.04	58.82	58.82	57.14	0.469
(ii) No	47.91	41.11	41.11	42.85
MoCA-Ina (mean ± SD)	15.61 ± 7.04	14.60 ± 6.63	16.18 ± 7.51	14.06 ± 8.61	0.188