Table 5.
Within-group effect sizes (Cohen’s d) at postintervention and follow-up.
| Study outcome | Postintervention (d) | Follow-up (d) | ||
| Primary outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depression |
|
1.05 | 0.74 |
|
|
Anxiety |
|
0.68 | 0.48 |
|
|
Work and Social Functioning |
|
0.40 | 0.57 |
|
|
Mental Health Self-Efficacy |
|
0.40 | 0.40 |
| Secondary outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes Distress (PAIDa) |
|
1.15 | 1.04 |
|
|
Diabetes Self-Efficacy |
|
0.22 | 0.27 |
|
|
Diabetes Self Care |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foot | 0.28 | 0.28 |
|
|
|
Diet | 0.02 | 0.07 |
|
|
|
Blood glucose monitoring | 0.06 | 0.09 |
|
|
|
Exercise | −0.10 | 0.00 |
|
|
Physical symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypoglycemia | −0.24 | −0.21 |
|
|
|
Hyperglycemia | 0.57 | 0.40 |
aPAID: Problem Areas in Diabetes scale.