Table 1. Comparisons of the Socio-demographic Background, Oral Health Behaviors, Hormone Levels and Periodontal Clinical Parameters Between Case and Control Groups.
| Socio-demographic Background, Oral Health Behaviors,Hormone Levels and Periodontal Clinical Parameters | Case group(n = 36) | Control group(n = 36) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | P value | ||
| Age | Mean ± SD | 27.2 ± 4.1 | 26.9 ± 3.6 | 0.714 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | Mean ± SD | 19.2 ± 7.8 | 18.3 ± 7.5 | 0.624 |
| Marital status | Married | 34(94.4) | 33(91.7) | 1.000 |
| Unmarried | 2(5.6) | 3(8.3) | ||
| Birth place | Shanghai | 9(25.0) | 10(27.8) | 0.789 |
| Other places | 27(75.0) | 26(72.2) | ||
| Location | Urban | 5(13.9) | 5(13.9) | 1.000 |
| Suburb | 31(86.1) | 31(86.1) | ||
| Previous births | None | 23(63.9) | 25(69.4) | 0.617 |
| One or more | 13(36.1) | 11(30.6) | ||
| Education level | High school or below | 23(63.9) | 23(63.9) | 0.183 |
| College | 13(36.1) | 10(27.8) | ||
| Master degree or above | 0(0.0) | 3(8.3) | ||
| Dental insurance coverage | Yes | 19(52.8) | 18(50.0) | 0.814 |
| Not | 17(47.2) | 18(50.0) | ||
| Monthly household income | RMB 9000 or below | 29(80.6) | 33(91.7) | 0.173 |
| Above RMB 9000 | 7(19.4) | 3(8.3) | ||
| Daily tooth brushing frequency | 1 or 0 | 7(19.4) | 10(27.8) | 0.625 |
| 2 | 27(75.0) | 25(69.4) | ||
| 3 or more | 2(5.6) | 1(2.8) | ||
| Daily use of dental floss | Yes | 1(2.8) | 1(2.8) | 1.000 |
| No | 35(97.2) | 35(97.2) | ||
| Daily use of mouthrinse | Yes | 15(41.7) | 12(33.3) | 0.465 |
| No | 21(58.3) | 24(66.7) | ||
| Routine dental visits | Yes | 0(0.0) | 3(8.3) | 0.238 |
| No | 36(100.0) | 33(91.7) | ||
| Smoking | Current smoker | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | N/A |
| Non-smoker | 36(100.0) | 36(100.0) | ||
| Alcohol-drinking | Yes | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | N/A |
| No | 36(100.0) | 36(100.0) | ||
| Progesterone | Mean ± SD | 2262.6 ± 1223.9 | 2406.7 ± 944.8 | 0.578 |
| Estradiol | Mean ± SD | 2309.8 ± 1508.7 | 1919.4 ± 1242.4 | 0.235 |
| VPI( = 1)%a | Mean ± SD | 58.3 ± 18.8 | 36.3 ± 18.8 | <0.001 |
| BOP( = 1)%a | Mean ± SD | 58.9 ± 23.4 | 15.9 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| PD(≥4 mm) % | Mean ± SD | 27.5 ± 17.0 | 23.1 ± 7.6 | 0.288 |
| CAL(≥4 mm)%* | Mean ± SD | 11.2 ± 13.4 | 1.8 ± 3.7 | <0.001 |
N/A, not applicable.
aP < 0.05.