Table 3.

Timing of contraction and valve opening and closure

	Controls (n = 18)	PS (n = 16)	iPAH (n = 18)	P‐value iPAH to PS
RVFW peak (msec)a	473 ± 59	562 ± 76**	638 ± 76*	0.031
LVPW peak (msec)a	478 ± 48	538 ± 70#	564 ± 80*	0.547
Septal peak (msec)a	442 ± 74	435 ± 70	478 ± 51	0.212
Septal‐D peak*, a	–	–	613 ± 63	–
TOC (msec)a	58 ± 31	91 ± 24**	122 ± 36*	0.003
PV opening (msec)b	66 ± 12	81 ± 29	178 ± 76*	0.001
PV closure (msec)b	445 ± 52	514 ± 68*	500 ± 73	0.079
ET RVOT (msec)	374 ± 48	451 ± 60*	364 ± 62	0.001
AV opening (msec)b	83 ± 14	95 ± 15#	130 ± 40*	0.15
AV closure (msec)b	433 ± 52	461 ± 57	490 ± 63#	0.923
ET LVOT (msec)	354 ± 44	362 ± 46	375 ± 45	0.538
MV opening (msec)c	492 ± 52	537 ± 69#	592 ± 90*	0.520
TV opening (msec)c	478 ± 55	541 ± 88#	667 ± 98*	0.04
IVRT LV (msec)	63 ± 14	73 ± 16	103 ± 24*	0.015
TDI IVCT RV (msec)	70 [61–102]	61 [48–85]	90 [58–139]**	<0.001
TDI IVRT RV (ms)	28 [0–43]	33 [24–123]	95 [61–165] *	<0.001
MV inflow (msec)c	545 ± 49	531 ± 63	482 ± 82#	0.827
TV inflow (msec)c	557 ± 62	484 ± 87	399 ± 88*	0.251

Timing measurements normalized for the RR interval, patients compared with controls using ANOVA with Dunnet's; ^# P < 0.05, *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001. Pulmonary stenosis (PS) are compared to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) patients using ANCOVA using right ventricular systolic pressure as a covariate.

RVFW, Right ventricular free wall; LVPW, Left ventricular posterior wall; D, diastolic peak; TOC, time to onset of contraction; PV, pulmonary valve; AV, aortic valve; MV, mitral valve; TV, tricuspid valve; IVRT, isovolumetric relaxation time.

^aRVFW peak missing in 4 controls, 2 PS and 1 iPAH patients, these were excluded for all M‐mode measurements.

^bVA valve opening missing in 6 iPAH and 1 PS patient.

^cAV opening was missing in 5 iPAH and 1 PS patient.