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. 2016 Jun 15;6:28171. doi: 10.1038/srep28171

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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hMDMs were pre-infected with/without HIV for seven days before 6 h Mtb infection (MOI = 1), adding Torin1 (250 nM) the last 4 h. Trizol was added to the infected and stimulated hMDMs to extract RNA. RNA was extracted from the same samples as analyzed for protein expression in Fig. 7. The gene expression were analyzed for: (a) SQSTM1, (b) LC3B, (c) Beclin1, (d) ATG4A, (e) ATG5, (f) ATG12, and (g) ATG16L2. The changes in gene expression are presented as ratios over control without Torin1, shown as mean ± SEM with *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 using repeated measures ANOVA (n = 5–6).