Table 2.
Results of univariate analysis for significant risk factors for PPC
| Variable | No. of patients (%) | No. of patients with particular finding | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male gender | 267 (59.3%) | 84 | 1.69 (1.09-2.62) | 0.018 |
| Age ≥ 65 yr | 180 (40%) | 87 | 6.08 (3.85-9.60) | < 0.0001 |
| Emergency admission | 63 (14%) | 63 | 687.47 (41.96-11262.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Current smoking | 153 (34%) | 60 | 2.39 (1.56-3.67) | 0.0001 |
| Presence of malignant disease | 138 (30.7%) | 66 | 4.10 (2.63-6.37) | < 0.0001 |
| Preexistence of pulmonary diseases | 60 (13.3%) | 51 | 25.02 (11.78-53) | < 0.0001 |
| ASA class > 2 | 75 (16.7%) | 63 | 27.56 (14.01-54.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Estimated bleeding during surgical procedure ≥ 500 mL | 63 (14%) | 39 | 5.86 (3.33-10.29) | < 0.0001 |
| Pre-operative blood transfusion | 33 (7.3%) | 24 | 8.56 (3.85-19.03) | < 0.0001 |
| Intra and post-operative blood transfusion | 72 (16%) | 45 | 6.41 (3.74-10.98) | < 0.0001 |
| Duration of operation ≥ 2.5 hours | 162 (36%) | 90 | 9.65 (5.99-15.56) | < 0.0001 |
| Perioperative nasogastric tube | 358 (79.6%) | 118 | 8.55 (3.38-21.63) | < 0.0001 |
PPC: post-operative pulmonary complication; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval