Table 3.
Cox Regressions of All-Cause Mortality by Social Support Trajectories (H-EPESE, 1993–2010)
| Full Sample (n = 2,334) |
Women (n = 1,357) |
Men (n = 977) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Support Trajectory | 1.70 (1.24, 2.31) |
** | 1.13 (0.82, 1.54) |
1.40 (1.01, 1.93) |
* | |
| Moderate Support Trajectory | 0.92 (0.71, 1.21) |
0.95 (0.75, 1.19) |
0.91 (0.72, 1.15) |
|||
| Low Support Trajectory*Women | 0.82 (0.71, 0.96) |
* | --- | --- | ||
| Moderate Support Trajectory*Women | 1.01 (0.89, 1.13) |
--- | --- | |||
| Age | 1.08 (1.07, 1.09) |
*** | 1.08 (1.07, 1.09) |
*** | 1.08 (1.07, 1.10) |
*** |
| Women | 0.69 (0.61, 0.78) |
*** | --- | --- | ||
| Immigrant | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) |
*** | 0.80 (0.70, 0.92) |
** | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) |
* |
| Education (≥High School) | 0.91 (0.76, 1.10) |
0.99 (0.77, 1.28) |
0.83 (0.64, 1.09) |
|||
| Household Income (≤ $9,999) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.03) |
0.88 (0.76, 1.01) |
0.95 (0.81, 1.12) |
|||
| Social Disengagement | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) |
1.05 (0.98, 1.13) |
1.06 (0.98, 1.15) |
|||
| Social Support (Baseline) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) |
0.98 (0.87, 1.11) |
1.01 (0.90, 1.14) |
|||
| Former Smoker | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) |
0.98 (0.82, 1.16) |
1.16 (0.98, 1.39) |
|||
| Current Smoker | 1.49 (1.28, 1.74) |
*** | 1.53 (1.22, 1.93) |
*** | 1.52 (1.22, 1.89) |
*** |
| Heavy Drinker | 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) |
0.93 (0.63, 1.38) |
0.96 (0.81, 1.13) |
|||
| Depression (CES-D) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
* | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
** | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) |
|
| Cognitive Function (MMSE) | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) |
** | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) |
** | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
|
| Chronic Conditions | 1.29 (1.22, 1.36) |
*** | 1.29 (1.19, 1.39) |
*** | 1.31 (1.21, 1.42) |
*** |
| Mobility (POMA) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.97) |
*** | 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) |
*** | 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) |
** |
Notes: H-EPESE = Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly.
Shown are hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.
The reference group for low and moderate social support is high social support.
CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic-Depression Scale.
MMSE = Mini-Mental State Exam.
POMA = Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment.