Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of participants at baseline.

	%§
Participants (N)	443
Age (Median [IQR])	47 [40, 52]
Male gender	63.2
Completed High School	52.0
Aboriginal	32.5
White	63.0
Ever been homeless	92.8
Ever been in jail	39.5
HIV+	37.7
HCV+	92.1
Any physical disability	81.3
Ever had mental illness diagnosed	62.3
Ever attempted suicide	17.9
Age of first injection drug use (Median [IQR])	18 [15, 25]
Ever overdosed	63.9
Longitudinal illicit opioid‡ use
Reported at every follow-up	24.6
Reported at one follow-up or more	69.1
Not reported at any follow-up	30.9
Longitudinal stimulant¶ use
Reported at every follow-up	13.5
Reported at one follow-up or more	50.1
Not reported at any follow-up	49.9
Longitudinal OAT receipt
Reported at every follow-up	61.6
Reported at one follow-up or more	90.5
Not reported at any follow-up	9.5

^§Percentage of study sample, unless otherwise noted.

IQR: interquartile range

HIV+: Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive

HCV+: Hepatitis C positive

^‡Including heroin, morphine and prescription opioids

^¶Including crack, cocaine, speed and methamphetamine