. 2016 Jun 15;7:791. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00791

Table 4.

Results of a linear mixed effect model examining the influence of the forest aridity index (FAI) at the place of origin on 27 measured parameters 19 years after planting of the provenance trial in Northern Germany.

RELATEDNESS TO CLIMATE AT PROVENANCE ORIGIN
Variable	n	α ± SE	β ± SE	SD_prov	SD_block	SD_resid	Δ_i	LR	P
STAND CHARACTERISTICS
DBH	100	12.67 ± 1.71	−0.18 ± 0.32	1.84	0.21	1.30	1.59	0.41	0.52
Height	100	10.13 ± 1.16	0.001 ± 0.22	1.20	0.54	0.99	2.00	0.00	0.97
AGB	100	56.77 ± 16.19	−2.01 ± 3.04	17.45	0.00	11.91	1.47	0.53	0.47
GROWTH-RELATED TRAITS
BAI	100	25.19 ± 7.78	−1.81 ± 1.46	7.95	0.82	9.92	0.25	1.75	0.19
ABI	100	2.99 ± 0.85	−0.11 ± 0.16	0.92	0.00	0.63	1.47	0.53	0.47
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
P₁₂	93	−2.15 ± 0.16	0.01 ± 0.03	0.11	0.17	0.28	1.93	0.07	0.80
P₅₀	93	−3.13 ± 0.12	0.03 ± 0.02	0.08	0.14	0.22	0.43	1.57	0.21
P₈₈	93	−4.06 ± 0.16	0.04 ± 0.03	0.14	0.07	0.29	0.20	1.80	0.18
$K_{S}^{emp}$	96	3.70 ± 0.37	0.004 ± 0.07	0.00	0.35	1.03	1.99	0.01	0.91
$K_{S}^{theo}$	98	3.24 ± 0.51	0.25 ± 0.09	0.10	0.00	1.69	4.26	6.26	0.01
$K_{L}^{emp *}$	95	2.04 ± 0.18	0.03 ± 0.04	0.00	0.16	0.51	0.98	1.02	0.31
$K_{L}^{theo *}$	95	2.09 ± 0.18	0.08 ± 0.03	0.00	0.00	0.61	4.03	6.03	0.01
WOOD ANATOMY
BA	100	2.56 ± 0.15	−0.06 ± 0.03	0.00	0.00	0.51	3.17	5.17	0.02
A_growth	98	16.42 ± 1.20	0.19 ± 0.22	0.00	0.00	4.07	1.29	0.71	0.40
A_lumen : A_xylem	98	12.40 ± 1.03	0.48 ± 0.19	0.53	0.00	3.09	3.72	5.72	0.02
VD	98	245.92 ± 15.88	−0.27 ± 2.97	14.11	0.00	31.90	1.99	0.01	0.92
D	98	23.99 ± 0.67	0.43 ± 0.13	0.00	0.00	2.28	7.45	9.45	0.002
D_h	98	32.05 ± 1.07	0.33 ± 0.20	0.58	0.00	3.18	0.84	2.84	*0.09*
LEAF MORPHOLOGY
A_leaf	100	23.98 ± 2.08	−0.20 ± 0.39	1.82	0.00	4.44	2.00	0.00	0.95
SLA	99	158.61 ± 12.16	−0.72 ± 2.28	0.00	8.79	39.16	1.89	0.11	0.74
A_S : $A_{L}^{*}$	100	0.74 ± 0.12	0.04 ± 0.02	0.03	0.03	0.42	1.04	3.04	*0.08*
LEAF CHEMISTRY
C:N	100	24.80 ± 0.59	0.25 ± 0.11	0.35	0.00	1.73	3.12	5.12	0.02
δ¹³C	100	−29.59 ± 0.27	−0.11 ± 0.05	0.12	0.00	0.86	2.63	4.63	0.03
Ca_mass	100	8.52 ± 0.53	−0.06 ± 0.10	0.00	0.15	1.79	1.66	0.34	0.56
K_mass	100	4.54 ± 0.51	0.13 ± 0.10	0.39	0.00	1.30	0.09	2.09	0.15
Mg_mass	100	1.62 ± 0.12	−0.03 ± 0.02	0.03	0.00	0.39	0.03	2.03	0.15
P_mass	100	1.21 ± 0.05	0.001 ± 0.01	0.00	0.00	0.18	1.98	0.02	0.89

Given are intercept α and slope β indicating the direction of the relationship for FAI with their corresponding standard errors (SE), standard deviation between provenances (SD_prov) as an expression of the variability between provenances, standard deviation of block from the provenance mean showing the design variability, and the remaining unexplained variance of the residuals (SD_resid). Further, the results from a likelihood ratio test of the LME against the null model are given; these are the delta Akaike information criterion (Δ_i), the likelihood ratio (LR) and probability of error (P) for the hypothesis that FAI ≠ 0. Asterisks indicate traits that have been log transformed, for abbreviations see Table 2. Significant correlations of FAI on any given trait (P < 0.05) are printed in bold, marginally significant correlations (P < 0.10) in italic bold letters.