Table 1. Demographic and obstetric characteristics of study group.

Variable	Drug group n (%)	Placebo group n (%)	Control group n (%)	Test Chi-squared
Mother's educational level
Primary school	5 (8.2)	4 (6.5)	3 (5.4)
Junior high school	29 (47.5)	25 (40.3)	25 (44.6)	p = 0.96
High school	21 (34.4)	26 (41.9)	23 (41.1)
University graduate	6 (9.8)	7 (11.3)	5 (8.9)
Total	61 (100)	62 (100)	56 (100)
Father's educational level
Primary school	8 (13.1)	2 (3.2)	9 (15.5)	p = 0.16
Junior high school	21 (31.4)	31 (50)	19 (32.8)
High school	24 (39.2)	18 (29)	20 (34.5)
University graduate	8 (13.1)	11 (17.7)	10 (17.2)
Total	61 (100)	62 (100)	58 (100)
Mother's occupational status
Housewife	52 (85.2)	57 (91.9)	49 (86)	p = 0.46
Employee	9 (14.8)	5 (8.1)	8 (14)
Total	57 (100)	62 (100)	61 (100)
Father's occupational status
Self-employed	10 (16.4)	9 (14.5)	11 (19.6)	p = 0.9
Employed	20 (32.8)	23 (37.1)	21 (37.5)
Occasional worker	31 (50.8)	30 (48.4)	24 (42.9)
Total	61 (100)	62 (100)	56 (100)
Family income
Below poverty line	16 (26.2)	16 (25.8)	12 (20.7)	p = 0.73
Above poverty line	45 (73.8)	46 (74.2)	46 (79.3)
Total	61 (100)	62 (100)	58 (100)
Area of residence
City	36 (59)	34 (54)	28 (57.1)	p = 0.89
Village	25 (41)	28 (45.2)	21 (42.9)
Total	62 (100)	62 (100)	49 (100)
Exercise
Yes	17 (28.3)	14 (22.6)	12 (20.7)	p = 0.59
No	43 (71.7)	48 (77.4)	46 (79.3)
Total	60 (100)	62 (100)	58 (100)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	ANOVA
Age (year)	25.95 ± 4.9	26.54 ± 6.30	26.87 ± 5.96	p = 0.23
Number of pregnancies	1.62 ± 0.7	1.51 ± 0.65	1.85 ± 0.79	p = 0.33
Number of prenatal care visits	8.93 ± 1.93	8.90 ± 1.45	9.3 ± 1.65	p = 0.23