Table 1.
Demographic and Injury Information for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
| Subject | Age | Sex | Education (years) | Etiology | GCS | Retrograde amnesia | PTA | LOC | Acute CT findings | Focal lesions (chronic MRI) | Severity | Chronicity (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBI1 | 71 | F | 12 | Fall | 3 | 2 h | 22 days | 2 weeks | SAH (required hemicraniotomy) | Left temporal lobe, Right Frontal lobe | Moderate-severe | 8.6 |
| TBI2 | 24 | M | 15 | Fall | 8 | 15 min | 2 days | N/A | Bifrontal contusions (required craniotomy) | Bilateral frontal lobe, right temporal pole, left cerebellum | Moderate-severe | 33.4 |
| TBI3 | 25 | M | 15 | Fall | N/A | A few minutes | 1 day | ∼2 days | Basilar skull fracture | Bilateral frontal pole and orbital regions | Moderate-severe | 55.4 |
| TBI4 | 64 | F | 12 | Fall | N/A | A few minutes | A few minutes | N/A | SAH | No | Moderate-severe | 11.2 |
| TBI5 | 70 | M | 20 | Fall | 15 | A few minutes | A few minutes | N/A | Small SDH | No | Moderate-severe | 145.7 |
| TBI6* | 50 | M | 12 | Fall/MVA | N/A / 15 | A few seconds / A few seconds | N/A / N/A | 1 day/No | N/A / N/A | No | Moderate-severe | 277.8/48.2 |
| TBI7 | 48 | F | 16 | MVA, unhelmeted | 6 | 1 year | Duration unclear | Duration unclear | SAH | Left superior frontal gyrus | Moderate-severe | 15.2 |
| TBI8 | 41 | F | 13 | Fall | N/A | No | No | A few minutes | SAH | No | Moderate-severe | 22.5 |
| TBI9 | 59 | M | 12 | Fall | N/A | A few minutes | 1 month | A few seconds | Negative | No | Mild | 18.6 |
| TBI10 | 53 | F | 13 | Fall | 15 | A few minutes | A few minutes | A few minutes | Bifrontal hemorrhagic contusions | Bilateral frontal pole | Moderate-severe | 44.5 |
| TBI11 | 60 | F | 14 | Fall | N/A | A few minutes | A few hours | N/A | SAH | No | Moderate-severe | 12.0 |
| TBI12 | 21 | M | 13 | Fall | 15 | None | N/A | Duration unclear | EDH, right temporal bone fracture (required craniotomy) | No | Moderate-severe | 12.7 |
| TBI13 | 63 | M | 15 | MVA | N/A | No | No | No | N/A | No | Mild | 37.3 |
| TBI14 | 43 | F | 16 | Hit | N/A | A few minutes | 2 months | 5 min | SAH, occipital skull fracture | Right frontal lobe | Moderate-severe | 18.9 |
| TBI15 | 63 | M | 14 | Fall | N/A | N/A | 12 h | 4–5 h | SAH | No | Moderate-severe | 20.2 |
| TBI16 | 42 | F | 16 | MVA | N/A | N/A | N/A | Several hours | Intracranial hemorrhage (require craniotomy) | Right middle frontal gyrus | Moderate-severe | 297.4 |
| TBI17 | 69 | F | 12 | UVA, unhelmeted | N/A | A few seconds | A couple of weeks | A few minutes | N/A | Left inferior temporal gyrus | Moderate-severe | 374.8 |
| TBI18 | 54 | F | 12 | UVA, unhelmeted | N/A | None | A couple of weeks | 20 min | Negative | No | Moderate-severe | 29.5 |
| TBI19 | 52 | M | 19 | MVA, helmeted | 13 | N/A | N/A | 3–5 min | SAH | No | Moderate-severe | 17.5 |
| TBI20* | 60 | M | 14 | Fall/MVA | N/A / 15 | N/A / No | N/A / No | A few minutes/No | N/A | No | Mild | 52.7/37 |
| TBI21 | 55 | M | 13 | MVA, helmeted | 15 | 14 h | 2 weeks | Duration unclear | SAH | No | Moderate-severe | 37 |
| TBI group (mean ± SD) | 51.76 (±14.7) | 11 (M) | 14.19 (±2.27) | |||||||||
| NC group (mean ± SD) | 52.19 (±14.6) | 11 (M) | 14.79 (±2.22) |
*
Sustained two TBIs in two different occasions. All information was collected via patient/collateral report or, when available, via inspection of medical records.
GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; PTA, post-traumatic amnesia; LOC, loss of consciousness; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; F, female; TBI, traumatic brain injury; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; M, male; N/A, not available; SDH, subdural hemorrhage; EDH, epidural hemorrhage; UVA, unmotored vehicle accident.