Table 2.
Changes in neurocognitive function.
| Cognitive tests | Controls | OSAbaseline | BSCbaseline | CPAPbaseline | BSC1 month | CPAP1 month | Pa | Pa BSC1 month | Pa CPAP1 month |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immediate LM | 47.06 (1.84) | 36.36 (1.32) | 37.59 (1.91) | 35.17 (1.84) | 41.70 (2.28) | 44.43 (1.99) | < 0.001 | 0.070 | 0.338 |
| Delayed LM | 29.79 (1.37) | 22.25 (0.97) | 23.41 (1.45) | 21.14 (1.28) | 27.33 (1.55) | 29.93 (1.42) | < 0.001 | 0.238 | 0.946 |
| ACE-R | 94.91 (0.99) | 90.55 (1.11) | 88.59 (2.01) | 92.42 (0.88) | 90.70 (1.85) | 91.86 (2.44) | 0.008 | 0.038 | 0.220 |
| Memory | 24.18 (0.41) | 22.05 (0.57) | 21.15 (0.87) | 22.92 (0.70) | 23.07 (0.65) | 23.79 (0.37) | 0.009 | 0.143 | 0.493 |
| Fluency | 12.50 (0.3) | 11.25 (0.3) | 11.22 (0.43) | 11.28 (0.42) | 11.41 (0.49) | 11.89 (0.45) | 0.006 | 0.050 | 0.248 |
| Language | 24.12 (0·71) | 24.18 (0.37) | 23.56 (0.68) | 24.78 (0.28) | 23.63 (0.68) | 25.11 (0.24) | 0.930 | 0.628 | 0.230 |
| SSF | 9.00 (0.31) | 8.33 (0.23) | 8.22 (0.31) | 8.42 (0.33) | 7.93 (0.38) | 8.18 (0.4) | 0.079 | 0.032 | 0.104 |
| SSB | 8.65 (0.26) | 7.65 (0.24) | 7.52 (0.39) | 7.79 (0.29) | 7.37 (0.39) | 8.18 (0.31) | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.250 |
| DSF | 12.06 (0.33) | 10.22 (0.31) | 10.26 (0.45) | 10.18 (0.43) | 10.70 (0.4) | 10.32 (0.51) | < 0.001 | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| DSB | 8.18 (0.39) | 6.73 (0.31) | 6.93 (0.45) | 6.54 (0.42) | 7.41 (0.47) | 7.26 (0.52) | 0.005 | 0.210 | 0.157 |
| TMA | 24.12 (1.18) | 27.34 (1.04) | 29.19 (1.49) | 25.56 (1.38) | 28.02 (1.56) | 24.26 (1.28) | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.937 |
| TMB | 41.23 (2.0) | 62.02 (3.65) | 69.76 (6.33) | 54.56 (3.31) | 61.53 (4.81) | 51.05 (3.68) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.017 |
| ESS | 6.18 (0.49) | 12.80 (0.67) | 12.44 (0.88) | 13.14 (1.01) | 12.11 (0.93) | 8.18 (0.85) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.038 |
Data presented as mean (SEM). Memory, fluency and language test scores were calculated from respective subtest scores of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) test. Normality was checked using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The plots were normally distributed so independent sample t-test statistics were used to compare patient groups and controls. P columns: P = baseline OSA scores vs controls; P BSC = BSC vs controls; P CPAP = CPAP with BSC group vs controls.
Abbreviations: Controls: baseline values for healthy volunteers (N = 35). OSA: baseline values for all obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients before any intervention (N = 55); BSC: patients treated with best supportive care (BSC) for one month (N = 27); CPAP: patients treated with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) with BSC for one month (N = 28). ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale. TMB: trail making test B; TMA: trail making test A; DSF: digit-span forward task; DSB: digit-span backward task; SSF: spatial-span forward test; SSB: spatial-span backward test; ACE-R: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination- Revised; LM: logical memory test.
Bonferroni corrected P values.