Table 2.

Results from the nested logistic regression analysis of student performance in pre/postexam scores (p values are those associated with the overall treatment effect in the model) in quantitative numeracy, data interpretation, and mathematical modeling^a

	Spring 2013		Summer 2013		Fall 2013		Spring 2014
Skill	p	d	p	d	p	d	p	d
Quantitative numeracy	<0.0001	0.4	0.03	0.2	NS	–	0.001	1.5
Data interpretation	0.001	0.4	0.01	0.1	<0.0001	0.2	0.001	0.5
Mathematical modeling	0.001	0.9	NS	–	0.02	1.1	0.001	0.2

^ap Values reported are for Wald’s chi-squared values. d Values are Cohen’s d effect sizes. All significant changes from the pre- to posttest scores represent positive gains in student skills.