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p32 regulates autophagy by interfering with the polyubiquitylation of Ulk1. By forming a complex with Ulk1, p32 prevents K48-linked polyubiquitylation, but facilitates K63-linked polyubiquitylation, of Ulk1. Therefore, p32 depletion results in increased degradation of Ulk1. p32-mediated Ulk1 stabilization and subsequent activation is essential for starvation-induced autophagy and the clearance of damaged mitochondria caused by mitochondrial uncoupler.
