Table 1.
Means, Standard Deviations, and Cohen’s d Effect Sizes for Gender and Developmental Group Differences in the Cannabis Use Disorder Sample
| Overall | Late Adolescence (age 18–22) |
Early Adulthood (age 23–40) |
Middle Adulthood (age 41+) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n=437) |
Female (n=163) |
d | Male (n=93) |
Female (n=29) |
d | Male (n=241) |
Female (n=99) |
d | Male (n=103) |
Female (n=35) |
d | ||
| General | |||||||||||||
| Age | 31.6 (9.4) | 31.7 (9.1) | 0.01 | 20.2 (1.3) | 20.2 (1.4) | 0.01 | 30.3 (4.9) | 30.2 (5.1) | −0.00 | 45.2 (3.0) | 45.5 (2.8) | 0.09 | |
| Body Mass (BMI) | 26.8 (6.6) | 29.23 (7.1) | 0.36** | 24.0 (4.4) | 27.7 (6.0) | 0.70** | 27.0 (6.3) | 28.6 (7.2) | 0.23 | 29.6 (8.4) | 33.2(6.7) | 0.46 | |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | 125.9 (14.3) | 120.1 (16.4) | −0.37** | 120.9(10.7) | 112.8 (12.5) | −0.69* | 127.1 (14.1) | 119.4 (12.9) | −0.57** | 128.9 (17) | 130.5 (24.0) | 0.08 | |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | 76.6 (10.9) | 75.5 (11.1) | −0.10 | 70.0 (9.4) | 69.0 (10.1) | −0.09 | 77.9 (10.2) | 75.9 (9.6) | −0.20 | 81.4(11.1) | 81.2 (13.5) | −0.01 | |
| Pulse Rate | 69.5 (11.7) | 71.0 (10.6) | 0.14 | 69.9 (12.4) | 70.6 (10.2) | 0.06 | 68.7 (11.0) | 71.4 (10.2) | 0.26 | 71.2 (12.6) | 70.0 (12.7) | −0.09 | |
| Medical Problems | 5.4 (5.8) | 8.0 (7.8) | 0.39** | 4.3 (5.1) | 7.7 (7.9) | 0.52* | 5.7 (5.6) | 7.4 (7.9) | 0.25 | 5.9 (7.0) | 10.3 (7.6) | 0.61** | |
| Psychiatric Problems | 1.8 (3.0) | 2.1 (2.9) | 0.09 | 1.5 (2.5) | 2.0 (2.1) | 0.20 | 1.9 (3.1) | 1.9 (2.7) | −0.01 | 2.1 (3.4) | 2.9 (3.8) | 0.24 | |
| Cannabis | |||||||||||||
| Frequency (30-day TLFB)a | 89.7 (78.4) | 72.1 (53.3) | −0.99* | 69.9 (49.0) | 55.8 (39.8) | −0.99 | 92.1 (81.8) | 73.0 (53.8) | −1.00 | 108.0 (93.1) | 85.0 (61.0) | −0.91 | |
| CUD Symptoms | 6.2 (2.5) | 6.1 (2.3) | −0.04 | 6.4 (2.4) | 5.9 (1.9) | −0.25 | 6.3 (2.4) | 6.1 (2.3) | −0.08 | 5.8 (2.9) | 6.3 (2.7) | 0.17 | |
| Age of CUD Onset | 18.8 (5.4) | 20.7 (6.9) | 0.31** | 16.5 (2.2) | 17.1 (2.2) | 0.27 | 18.6 (4.6) | 20.1 (5.2) | 0.30* | 21.6 (8.0) | 25.1 (10.7) | 0.37 | |
| UDS Cannabinoidsb | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.03 | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.4) | −0.11 | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.9 (0.3) | 0.06 | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.05 | |
| Marijuana Craving | 46.7 (16.0) | 47.2 (16.3) | 0.03 | 44.6 (15.1) | 49.4 (16.5) | 0.30 | 47.4 (16.5) | 47.1 (15.8) | −0.01 | 47.3 (15.8) | 45.1 (18.5) | −0.12 | |
| Marijuana Problems | 8.5 (6.1) | 8.8 (6.2) | 0.05 | 7.2 (4.9) | 7.4 (4.8) | 0.024 | 8.9 (6.4) | 8.3 (5.6) | −0.10 | 8.6 (6.3) | 12(8.2) | 0.47 | |
| Other Substance Use | |||||||||||||
| Tobacco Use (Faegerström) | 1.4 (2.2) | 1.2 (2.1) | −0.12 | 1.5 (2.4) | 0.8 (1.3) | −0.35 | 1.29 (1.924) | 1.2 (2.1) | −0.05 | 1.8 (2.6) | 1.6 (2.7) | −0.07 | |
| Other Drug Use | 2.4 (1.6) | 2.0 (1.7) | −0.26* | 2.3(1.6) | 1.8(1.8) | −0.31 | 2.6 (1.7) | 2.1(1.8) | 0.29* | 2.1(1.5) | 1.9(1.1) | −0.13 | |
| Internalizing Symptoms | |||||||||||||
| HADS Anxiety | 6.3 (4.0) | 7.0 (3.9) | 0.19 | 5.6 (3.5) | 8.3 (3.0) | 0.63** | 6.8 (4.1) | 6.8 (4.0) | −0.07 | 6.0 (4.0) | 8.3 (4.4) | 0.64** | |
| HADS Depression | 4.0 (3.3) | 3.7 (3.3) | −0.09 | 3.5 (3.0) | 3.6 (3.1) | 0.05 | 4.1 (3.2) | 3.4 (2.8) | −0.26 | 4.5 (3.6) | 5.2 (4.5) | 0.17 | |
| 12-item CHRI Suicide Risk | 16.3 (7.0) | 16.1(6.8) | −0.03 | 14.9 (5.7) | 19.3 (6.6) | 0.56* | 16.9 (7.2) | 15.5 (6.3) | −0.21 | 17.8 (7.4) | 18.4 (8.3) | 0.08 | |
p <.05,
**
p <.01; Cohen’s d values reflect comparison of women to men (i.e., positive d values reflect higher levels of variable in women compared to men;
a
TLFB frequency reflects number of times used in prior 30 days, accounting for multiple uses in one day;
b
Urine drug screen values reflect proportion of the group with a positive cannabinoid test at the intake assessment.