Table 1.
Demographics of participants.
| Drug addicts (clinical group) | Non-drug | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed | Non-exposed | ||
| % (N) or M (SD) | % (N) or M (SD) | % (N) or M (SD) | |
| Gender: female | 33.3 (5) | 46.7 (7) | 46.7 (7) |
| Age | 20.40 (±2.2) | 21.13 (±2.3) | 20.3 (±2.1) |
| High school degree | 13.3 (2) | 46.7 (7) | 53.3 (8) |
| School drop-out | 80 (12) | 73.7 (7) | |
| Years of education | 9.66 (±2.29) | 10.27 (±1.49) | 11 (±1.2) |
| Unemployment | 86.7 (13) | 53.3 (8) | |
| Poly-drug use | 80 (12) | 80 (12) | |
| Primary drug of abuse: heroin | 66.7 (10) | 86.7(13) | |
| Use of synthetic drugs | 73.3 (11) | 80 (12) | |
| Age of SUDs onset | 15.3 (1.8) | 16 (2.3) | |
| Age of first contact SUDs services | 18.3 (2.3) | 18.5 (2.7) | |
| SUDs-related diseases | 33.3 (5) | 13.3 (2) | |
| Pharmacotherapy | 93.3 (14) | 53.3 (8) | |
| Replacement therapy | 46.7 (7) | 66.7 (10) | |
| Traumatic events | 80 (11) | 60 (9) | |
| Early abuse/maltreatment | 40 (6) | 40 (6) | |
| Attachment disruptions | 53.3 (8) | 33.3 (5) | |
| Parental psychiatric problems | 13.3 (2) | 6.7 (1) | |
| Prenatal exposure | 73.3 (11) | ||
| Intrauterine exposure | 54.5 (6) | ||
| Paternal SUDs at conception | 63.6 (7) | ||
| Maternal and Paternal | 18.2 (2) | ||
| prenatal exp. | |||
| Postnatal exposure | 93.3 (14) | ||
| Maternal SUDs | 57.1 (8) | ||
| Paternal SUDs | 71.4 (10) | ||
| Maternal and paternal SUDs | 28.6 (4) | ||
| Prenatal and postnatal exposure | 66.7 (10) | ||
Exposed, subjects exposed to drugs early; Non-exposed, subjects not exposed to drugs early; Non-drug, subjects of the comparison group.