Table 3.
Identity and quantity of European Union (EU)-authorized genetically modified organisms (GMOs) detected by event-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a commercial maize gluten feed sample from the USA
| GMO eventa | OECD UI [81] | Measured concentrationb | Targetc | Amplicon size (bp) | Referenced |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1507 maize | DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 | 38.2 % | 3′ junction | 58 | QT-EVE-ZM-010 |
| MON88017 maize | MON-88Ø17-3 | 34.0 % | 3′ junction | 95 | QT-EVE-ZM-016 |
| MON810 maize | MON-ØØ81Ø-6 | 32.0 % | 5′ junction | 92 | QT-EVE-ZM-020 |
| 59122 maize | DAS-59122-7 | 31.7 % | 5′ junction | 86 | QT-EVE-ZM-012 |
| NK603 maize | MON-ØØ6Ø3-6 | 27.5 % | 3′ junction | 108 | QT-EVE-ZM-008 |
| Bt11 maize | SYN-BTØ11-1 | 11.6 % | Constructe | 75 | [82] |
| MIR604 maize | SYN-IR6Ø4-5 | 10.1 % | 5′ junction | 76 | QT-EVE-ZM-013 |
| GA21 maize | MON-ØØØ21-9 | 5.9 % | 5′ junction | 101 | QT-EVE-ZM-014 |
| MON89034 maize | MON-89Ø34-3 | 4.1 % | 3′ junction | 77 | QT-EVE-ZM-018 |
| MON863 maize | MON-ØØ863-5 | 3.2 % | 5′ junction | 84 | QT-EVE-ZM-009 |
| T25 maize | ACS-ZMØØ3-2 | <LOQ | 3′ junction | 102 | QT-EVE-ZM-011 |
| MIR162 | SYN-IR162-4 | ND | 3′ junction | 92 | QT-EVE-ZM-022 |
| MON87460 maize | MON 8746Ø-4 | ND | 5′ junction | 82 | QT-EVE-ZM-005 |
| Maize total | NA | 198.3 % | NA | 58–108 | NA |
LOQ limit of quantification, NA not available, ND not detected, OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, UI unique identifier
aCommonly used names. Other names are frequently used in commercial trade. This list includes all genetically modified maize events authorized in the EU as of November 1, 2015.
bConcentration measured on the basis of qPCR standard curves obtained with certified reference materials of the GMO events and the endogenous single copy reference gene hmg1 in maize (amplicon size 79 bp, QT-TAX-ZM-002 [83])
cAll qPCRs used are under ISO17025 accreditation at the National Institute of Biology, Slovenia.
dThe numbers refer to specific modules in the collection of validated qPCR methods in the EU’s Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed methods database [83] or the cited publication.
eFor this event, a specific, validated construct-specific qPCR was used.