Table 1.
Demographic, xenomelia-related, global brain, and psychiatric measures of the participants under investigation.
| Participants with xenomelia (n = 13) |
Control participants (n = 13) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and xenomelia-related measures | Frequency | Frequency | ||||
| Handedness (right/left/ambi) | 12/1/0 | 12/1/0 | ||||
| Footedness (right/left/ambi) | 12/1/0 | 12/1/0 | ||||
| Sexual orientation (hetero/homo/bi) | 6/5/2 | 13/0/0 | ||||
| Target leg (left/right/both) | 8/2/3 | n.a. | ||||
| Amputation desire since (years/I can remember) | 7.86 y./2 p. | n.a. | ||||
| Height of desired amputation (AKA/BKA) | 13/0 | n.a. | ||||
| Triggering events (encounters with amputee(s)/no event) | 9/4 | n.a. | ||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t-value | p-value | |
| Age, education and global brain measures | ||||||
| Age (years) | 49.3 | 14.5 | 50.2 | 12.5 | − 0.16 | 0.87 |
| Education (years) | 15.4 | 3.0 | 14.8 | 2.8 | 0.85 | 0.40 |
| Total intracranial volume (cm3) | 1509.3 | 218.1 | 1510.2 | 172.1 | − 0.01 | 0.99 |
| Total gray matter volume (cm3) | 642.2 | 43.5 | 627.5 | 50.9 | 0.79 | 0.44 |
| Total subcortical gray matter volume (cm3) | 185.5 | 13.8 | 178.8 | 23.1 | 0.90 | 0.38 |
| Total left white matter volume (cm3) | 263.8 | 21.1 | 258.8 | 23.5 | 0.58 | 0.57 |
| Total right white matter volume (cm3) | 262.0 | 24.5 | 259.1 | 24.0 | 0.30 | 0.76 |
| Total left cortical volume (cm3) | 232.8 | 16.9 | 227.7 | 20.3 | 0.70 | 0.49 |
| Total right cortical volume (cm3) | 232.0 | 18.3 | 228.8 | 19.8 | 0.44 | 0.66 |
| Total left cortical surface area (cm2) | 856.9 | 52.9 | 849.3 | 60.5 | 0.34 | 0.74 |
| Total right cortical surface area (cm2) | 849.4 | 59.5 | 848.0 | 59.9 | 0.06 | 0.95 |
| Mean left cortical thickness (mm) | 2.462 | 0.110 | 2.452 | 0.078 | 0.27 | 0.79 |
| Mean right cortical thickness (mm) | 2.479 | 0.115 | 2.473 | 0.079 | 0.30 | 0.89 |
| Xenomelia-related and psychiatric measures | ||||||
| ZXS - amputation desire | 5.15 | 0.59 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| ZXS - erotic attraction | 4.73 | 1.12 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| ZXS - pretending behaviour | 3.88 | 1.14 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| ZXS - total score | 4.59 | 0.61 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Body dysmorphic disorder | 23.9 | 7.9 | 24.1 | 6.0 | − 0.77 | 0.94 |
| Borderline symptom list | 63.8 | 27.9 | 44.6 | 22.5 | 1.93 | 0.07 |
| Obsessive-compulsive inventory, revised | 11.9 | 5.9 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 0.28 | 0.78 |
| Schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ-G factor 1) | 8.7 | 6.2 | 10.8 | 9.4 | − 0.69 | 0.50 |
| Schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ-G factor 2) | 13.5 | 9.2 | 16.0 | 11.2 | − 0.17 | 0.86 |
| Schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ-G total score) | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 0.61 | 0.55 |
| Barratt impulsiveness scale | 38.8 | 4.5 | 33.5 | 8.8 | 1.90 | 0.07 |
| Depression anxiety stress scale | 14.9 | 11.2 | 15.8 | 13.5 | − 0.19 | 0.85 |
| Dissociative symptoms | 322.3 | 241.2 | 174.5 | 155.8 | 1.86 | 0.08 |
| Personal attributes questionnaire (Mascul./Femin.) | 43.3 | 2.7 | 42.1 | 3.4 | 1.03 | 0.31 |
| Gender identity | 59.2 | 8.2 | 60.2 | 8.9 | − 0.28 | 0.79 |
| Bem sex role inventory | 219.2 | 17.1 | 216.8 | 21.5 | 0.32 | 0.75 |
Notes: AKA, above knee amputation; BKA, below knee amputation; ZXS, Zurich Xenomelia Scale.