Table 2.
Associations of selected characteristics with lipid biomarkers, stratified by gender; BCOPS 2004–2009
| Triglycerides | Total cholesterol | HDL | LDL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 99) | ||||
| Age (y) | −0.060, 0.556 | 0.193, 0.056 | 0.017, 0.870 | 0.222, 0.027 |
| Years of service | −0.050, 0.620 | 0.061, 0.549 | 0.004, 0.965 | 0.068, 0.502 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.294, 0.003 | 0.215, 0.033 | −0.314, 0.002 | 0.317, 0.001 |
| Alcohol (drinks/wk) | 0.081, 0.425 | 0.060, 0.559 | 0.082, 0.424 | 0.010, 0.924 |
| Physical activity | −0.049, 0.632 | 0.263, 0.009 | 0.172, 0.088 | 0.220, 0.029 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White/Hispanic | 71.3 (63.2–80.6) | 198.0 ± 37.8 | 60.6 ± 15.5 | 120.6 ± 33.0 |
| African American | 55.0 (45.3–66.8) | 183.6 ± 31.0 | 51.9 ± 12.9 | 119.8 ± 28.9 |
| p | 0.027 | 0.077 | 0.010 | 0.917 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 75.9 (61.5–93.8) | 187.2 ± 28.3 | 55.0 ± 15.1 | 115.9 ± 24.7 |
| Former | 63.1 (52.0–76.5) | 193.6 ± 36.9 | 59.4 ± 15.7 | 119.4 ± 32.7 |
| Never | 63.0 (53.6–74.2) | 198.0 ± 41.2 | 59.1 ± 15.4 | 123.5 ± 35.6 |
| p | 0.329 | 0.517 | 0.502 | 0.636 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal (< 25.0) | 59.2 (51.1–68.6) | 188.0 ± 28.3 | 62.0 ± 15.4 | 112.1 ± 23.7 |
| Overweight (≥ 25) | 74.1 (64.0–85.7) | 199.7 ± 42.5 | 54.4 ± 14.2 | 128.4 ± 36.5 |
| p | 0.034 | 0.112 | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 80.7 (62.2–104.6) | 213.6 ± 42.7 | 59.2 ± 16.3 | 134.9 ± 41.8 |
| No | 63.8 (56.9–71.5) | 190.1 ± 34.1 | 58.0 ± 15.1 | 117.5 ± 28.9 |
| p | 0.105 | 0.018 | 0.775 | 0.044 |
| Men (n = 261) | ||||
| Age (y) | 0.046, 0.458 | 0.051, 0.416 | 0.058, 0.353 | 0.024, 0.696 |
| Years of service | 0.078, 0.211 | 0.070, 0.259 | 0.051, 0.412 | 0.028, 0.655 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.202, 0.001 | 0.045, 0.465 | −0.125, 0.044 | 0.002, 0.978 |
| Alcohol (drinks/wk) | 0.059, 0.341 | 0.152, 0.014 | 0.204, 0.001 | 0.035, 0.579 |
| Physical activity | −0.086, 0.167 | 0.040, 0.517 | 0.035, 0.574 | 0.070, 0.262 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White/Hispanic | 132.7 (121.7–144.6) | 209.0 ± 37.1 | 42.5 ± 12.0 | 134.9 ± 33.7 |
| African American | 86.9 (72.6–103.9) | 187.8 ± 36.2 | 41.4 ± 11.5 | 123.6 ± 34.5 |
| p | <0.0001 | <0.001 | 0.573 | 0.038 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 149.3 (120.7–184.6) | 213.7 ± 37.5 | 42.8 ± 11.8 | 133.2 ± 31.0 |
| Former | 145.4 (121.8–173.5) | 204.3 ± 32.7 | 42.2 ± 11.1 | 127.9 ± 31.2 |
| Never | 114.1 (103.6–125.7) | 204.1 ± 39.4 | 42.0 ± 12.1 | 134.3 ± 35.7 |
| p | 0.013 | 0.375 | 0.937 | 0.496 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Normal (< 25.0) | 80.9 (59.9–109.3) | 190.2 ± 28.3 | 46.9 ± 12.4 | 123.2 ± 28.0 |
| Overweight (≥ 25) | 128.3 (118.2–139.2) | 206.6 ± 38.4 | 41.8 ± 11.8 | 133.6 ± 34.6 |
| p | 0.004 | 0.077 | 0.079 | 0.214 |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 141.5 (120.5–166.2) | 200.2 ± 37.2 | 40.3 ± 13.1 | 125.4 ± 34.1 |
| No | 119.1 (108.7–130.6) | 207.1 ± 38.1 | 42.8 ± 11.4 | 135.3 ± 34.0 |
| p | 0.069 | 0.208 | 0.150 | 0.044 |
Results for continuous variables are Pearson's correlation coefficients and p values.
Results for categorical variables are means (95% CI) for triglycerides and means ± SD for all other lipid biomarkers. The p values are for any difference between the means, obtained from ANOVA.
Results for triglycerides were first log-transformed then back-transformed for reporting.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BCOPS, Buffalo Cardio-metabolic Occupational Police Stress; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.