Sema3A induces apoptosis of primary SCG neurons. (A-D) Mass cultures of SCG neurons were treated with tdT-Sema3A for 24 h and then immunofluorescently labeled for Npn1 and with DAPI. tdT-Sema3A was found in cell bodies (arrow in B), where it colocalizes with pyknotic nuclei (arrowhead in C,D). Npn1 was expressed on the cell surface of both cell bodies (asterisk in A) and axons (arrow in A) of healthy neurons, but was not found in apoptotic cell bodies (arrowhead in D). (E-H) SCG neurons treated with AP-Sema3A for 24 h and then immunolabeled with antibodies to activated caspase 3. (F) Image of a cell body undergoing apoptosis that was positive for activated caspase 3 and containing a pyknotic nucleus (arrowhead in G,H). (I) Quantification of the percentage of activated caspase 3+ neurons after exposure to class 3 semaphorins. Error bars indicate s.e.m.; *P<0.05, Student's t-test. Scale bar: 20 μm.