Table 2.
Relationship between capillary ketone levels and laboratory results
| Ketone levels (mmol/L) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | All patients | 0–0.5 (no) | 0.6–1.5 (mild) | 1.6–3.1 (moderate) | ≥3.2 (severe) | p |
| Capillary glucose (mg/dL) | 282.1±107.4 | 273.3±98.6 | 279.6±118.6 | 362.1±144.6 | 404.7±114.7 | =0.402 |
| Serum glucose (mg/dL) | 309.7±131.1 | 301.6±121.7 | 292.5±138.5 | 398.3±156.1 | 463.5±174 | =0.878 |
| Serum base excess | −1.7±6.4 | −1.1±5.4 | −3.8±8.9 | −1.6±5.7 | −10.4±12.4 | =0.001 |
| Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 22.8±5.5 | 23.7±4.7 | 20.7±6.2 | 22.5±4.8 | 10.2±5.5 | =0.594 |
| Serum pH | 7.38±09 | 7.38±.1 | 7.37±.1 | 7.41±.1 | 7.32±0.1 | =0.017 |
| Anion gap | 12.9±5.7 | 11.8±4.7 | 15.6±5.4 | 17.3±9.3 | 25.4±5.5 | =0.011 |
| Serum Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.2±2.1 | 2.1±1.8 | 2.5±2.8 | 2.8±2.9 | 3.6±4.4 | =0.064 |
| Serum Sodium (Na+) (mEq/L) | 136.2±5.9 | 136.5±5.2 | 136.1±7.8 | 133.6±10 | 133.9±8.9 | =0.07 |
| Serum Potassium (K+) (mEq/L) | 4.4±0.7 | 4.5±.6 | 4.6±.8 | 4.1±.6 | 4.5±.8 | =0.209 |
| Serum Chlorine (Cl−) (mEq/L) | 100.5±7.2 | 101.1±6 | 99.8±8.7 | 93.7±13.5 | 98.2±9.6 | =0.01 |
Data are given as mean±standard deviation. p values are results of Fisher's exact test.