Table 2.
The efficacy of Chunghyul-dan in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical studies [23–25, 32, 44, 56–58].
| Disease | Author (year) |
Subjects and design | Intervention | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dyslipidemia | Chung et al. [23] | 34 hyperlipidemia patients Before and after study |
1800 mg/day CHD for 8 weeks | After 4 weeks, total cholesterol: −8.3% (p < 0.05), LDL cholesterol: −7.4% (p < 0.05) After 8 weeks, total cholesterol: −7.7% (p < 0.05), triglyceride: −21.1% (p < 0.05) |
| Kim et al. [24] |
62 hyperlipidemia patients Case-control, open-label study |
CHD 1: 600 mg/day CHD 2: 1200 mg/day Atorvastatin: 10 mg/day for 8 weeks |
After 8 weeks, in CHD 1 and CHD 2, total cholesterol: 268.1 ± 30.2 mg/dL → 248.6 ± 29.2 mg/dL (p < 0.05) There was no significant difference between CHD 1 and CHD 2 groups Atorvastatin was superior to 600 mg or 1200 mg CHD |
|
| Cho et al. [56] |
33 hyperlipidemia patients Case-control, open-label study |
CHD: 600 mg/day Atorvastatin: 10 mg/day for 8 weeks |
After 8 weeks, in CHD group, total cholesterol: 269.5 ± 21.3 mg/dL → 246.9 ± 23.7 mg/dL (p < 0.01), LDL cholesterol: 171.2 ± 29.8 mg/dL → 155.4 ± 26.5 mg/dL (p < 0.05) CHD was superior to historical controls using diet therapy or placebo Atorvastatin was superior to 600 mg CHD |
|
|
| ||||
| Hypertension | Yun et al. [32] |
28 stroke patients with stage 1 hypertension Randomized controlled, open-label study |
CHD: 1200 mg/day Control: no treatment for 2 weeks |
After 2 weeks, in CHD group, SBP: 141.37 ± 8.96 mmHg → 132.28 ± 9.46 mmHg (p = 0.03, versus control, p = 0.036) In control group, SBP: 138.71 ± 11.36 mmHg → 132.27 ± 8.93 mmHg (p > 0.05) |
|
| ||||
| Atherosclerosis (arterial stiffness) | Park et al. [44] |
35 subjects with increased baPWV (>1400 cm/sec) Randomized controlled, open-label study |
CHD: 1800 mg/day Control: no treatment for 8 weeks |
After 8 weeks, in CHD group, baPWV: 1736.0 ± 271.1 cm/sec → 1599.0 ± 301.9 cm/sec (p = 0.032) In control group, baPWV: 1668.3 ± 116.2 cm/sec → 1653.3 ± 184.1 cm/sec (p = 0.774) |
|
| ||||
| Stroke prevention (SVO type) | Cho et al. [25] |
31 asymptomatic ischemic stroke patients Observational study |
600 mg/day CHD for 1 year | Complete follow-up patients (n = 21): no stroke recurrence Lost to follow-up/dropped-out patients (n = 10): 2 patients suffered recurrence |
| Cho et al. [57] |
158 ischemic stroke patients Observational study |
600 mg/day CHD for 1 year | Complete follow-up patients (n = 73): 3 patients (4.1%) experienced stroke recurrence Lost to follow-up/dropped-out patients (n = 85): among 85, 54 patients were included in the final analysis → 8 patients (9.4%) had stroke recurrence OR of CHD for stroke recurrence (versus lost to follow-up): 0.12 times |
|
| Cho et al. [58] |
356 ischemic stroke patients Case-control, open-label study |
CHD: 600 mg/day Antiplatelet: antiplatelet agent therapy for 2 years |
In CHD group, recurrence occurred in 3 subjects (2.0%) In antiplatelet group, recurrence occurred in 17 subjects (8.2%) OR of CHD for stroke recurrence (versus antiplatelet group): 0.208 times |
|
CHD: Chunghyul-dan; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; baPWV: brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; SVO: small vessel occlusion.