Figure 2.

Amla treatment stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK activation. C2C12 myotubes were incubated with Amla (200 μg/mL) for 48 h. Cell lysates were prepared for western blotting, RT-qPCR, and mtDNA analysis. (a) Relative mtDNA content was determined by qPCR using specific primer sets for the mitochondrial and nuclear genome. ^∗∗ p < 0.01; n = 8. (b) Phosphorylated AMPKα to total AMPKα ratios were determined by western blot. ^∗∗ p < 0.01; n = 6. (c) Relative contents of PGC1α, NRF1, and mtTFA mRNAs were determined by RT-qPCR. ^∗ p < 0.05 and ^∗∗ p < 0.01; n = 5. 18S rRNA was used as an internal control for RT-qPCR.