Table 3.

Comorbidities to which AFL independently contributed

Response variable	Odds ratio for AFL (95% CI)	P value*
Cardiac diseases	1.41 (1.10–1.80)	0.0057
Diabetes mellitus	0.72 (0.54–0.94)	0.0177
COPD	4.65 (3.34–6.51)	<0.0001
Bronchial asthma	4.30 (2.60–7.04)	<0.0001
CVD	0.45 (0.21–0.86)	0.0230

^*Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized in each response variable (odds ratio for AFL as the explanatory variable was adjusted by age, sex, history of smoking, and comorbidities except for a response variable of interest). AFL: airflow limitation; 95% COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD: collagen vascular diseases; CI: 95% confidence interval