Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation showed for kinematic and kinetic in sagittal plane for left limb
| Conditions | Statistical analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OUT | AM | SDM | OUT vs AM | AM vs SDM | ||
| Sagittal kinematic (degree) | F | p | F | p | |||
| Maximum ankle (D-FLEX) | 79.34 (4.42) | 79.69 (4.49) | 83.97 (4.04) | 0.264 | 0.614 | 25.858 | 0.000 |
| Minimum ankle (P-FLEX) | 51.14 (6.95) | 44.78 (6.32) | 45.93 (7.64) | 32.797 | 0.000 | 2.570 | 0.125 |
| Ankle angular excursion | 28.19 (5.61) | 34.90 (4.18) | 38.03 (6.73) | 28.089 | 0.000 | 7.571 | 0.013 |
| Maximum hip (FLEX) | 29.09 (7.33) | 30.47 (6.85) | 38.33 (7.82) | 0.702 | 0.413 | 51.824 | 0.000 |
| Hip angular excursion | 42.40 (4.71) | 46.09 (6.63) | 53.60 (7.33) | 7.725 | 0.012 | 28.789 | 0.000 |
| Maximum knee (EXT) | 4.35 (4.87) | 3.27 (4.51) | 0.40 (4.75) | 2.019 | 0.172 | 9.851 | 0.005 |
| Minimum knee (FLEX) | −59.02 (4.62) | −58.26 (4.34) | −60.81 (4.34) | 0.685 | 0.418 | 14.982 | 0.001 |
| Sagittal Kinetic (Nm/Kg) | |||||||
| Maximal anterior-posterior force (BF) | 1.44 (0.27) | 0.65 (0.39) | 0.11 (0.07) | 83.223 | 0.000 | 34.739 | 0.000 |
| Minimal anterior-posterior force (PF) | −1.52 (0.22) | −1.63 (0.26) | −2.12 (0.30) | 2.075 | 0.166 | 66.126 | 0.000 |
| Maximal vertical force | 10.64 (0.69) | 11.11 (0.67) | 11.19 (0.70) | 7.616 | 0.012 | 0.503 | 0.487 |
| Minimal vertical force | −0.30 (0.12) | −0.19 (0.10) | −0.21 (0.11) | 50.481 | 0.000 | 1.718 | 0.206 |
| Maximal hip moment (FLEX) | 0.37 (0.12) | 0.46 (0.16) | 0.33 (0.18) | 11.517 | 0.003 | 17.541 | 0.000 |
| Minimal hip moment (EXT) | −0.61 (0.09) | −0.73 (0.18) | −0.92 (0.31) | 12.422 | 0.002 | 12.885 | 0.002 |
| Sagittal impulse (Ns/kg) | F | p | F | p | |||
| Breaking force | 0.30 (0.05) | 0.14 (0.07) | 0.03 (0.06) | 90.621 | 0.000 | 16.554 | 0.001 |
| Propulsive force | −0.28 (0.08) | −0.36 (0.13) | −0.64 (0.18) | 4.819 | 0.041 | 37.438 | 0.000 |
| Vertical force ES | 0.92 (0.14) | 0.82 (0.15) | 0.85 (0.12) | 6.007 | 0.024 | 0.863 | 0.365 |
| Vertical force MS | 3.65 (0.41) | 3.95 (0.60) | 3.81 (0.41) | 10.400 | 0.004 | 2.471 | 0.132 |
Statistical analysis includes post hoc comparisons of two factors separately using repeated measures OUT vs AM and AM vs SDM conditions. When repeated measures overall testing showed that the main effects were not significant (p > 0.05), post-hoc tests were not conducted and not presented. Bold values indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). D-FLEX: dorsiflexion; P-FLEX: plantar flexion; FLEX: flexion; EXT: extension; BF: braking force; PF: propulsive force; ES: early stance; MS: mid-stance; LS: late stance